Search Strains

More Fields See WormTagDB for other published tagged loci.
Strain Species Genotype Add
DQM1283 C. elegans bmdSi348 I; bmdSi362 II. Show Description
bmdSi348 [loxN::rgef-1p::FLP::P2A::H2B::2xmTurq2]; inserted into safe harbor site ttTi4348 in Chr I. bmdSi362 [loxN::rpl-28p::FRT3-LCK::mNG-STOP::FRT3::TIR1(F79G)::2A::PH::2xmKate2]; inserted into safe harbor site ttTi5605 in Chr II. FLP-ON::TIR1 system for AID-tagged protein degradation in neurons. High levels of TIR1(F79G) expression in neurons by rgef-1p::FLP with co-expression of membrane markers. bmdSi362 contains the ubiquitous rpl-28 promoter driving expression of FRT3-LCK::mNG-STOP::FRT3::TIR1(F79G)::2A::PH::2xmKate2 construct dependent upon tissue-specific FLPase. High levels of TIR1(F79G) can be expressed in specific tissue or cell types via FLPase activity, allowing spatiotemporally-targeted degradation of AID-tagged proteins. Reference: Xiao Y, et al. An expandable FLP-ON::TIR1 system for precise spatiotemporal protein degradation in C. elegans. bioRxiv 2022.10.14.512315; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.14.512315
DQM1285 C. elegans bmdSi363 I; egl-43(bmd88[egl-43p::egl-43::LoxP::GFP::egl-43]) II. Show Description
bmdSi363 [^SEC^ser-2p::mKate2-STOP-STOP-DAMc1::VHH4GFP] I. Pick Rollers to maintain. Wild-type growth. NanoDam toolkit will allows identification of direct genomic targets of TFs as well as chromatin modifiers. In this system, Dam methylase is fused with a binding reagent, an anti-GFP nanobody (vhhGFP4). Thus, genome-wide profiling can be achieved by combining cell type-specific Dam::vhhGFP4 fusion constructs with GFP knock-in alleles.
DQM455 C. elegans cki-1(bmd132[GFP::LoxP::cki-1::3xFLAG]) II. Show Description
CRISPR/Cas9 insertion of GFP into the N-terminus of cki-1; seems to cause cki-1 gain-of-function phenotype (early cell cycle exit for some post-embryonic blast cells). Reference: Adikes RC, et al. "Visualizing the metazoan proliferation-terminal differentiation decision in vivo." bioRxiv 2019.12.18.881888
DQM662 C.elegans bmdSi200 I; bmdSi168 II. Show Description
bmdSi200 [loxN::pcn-1p::pcn-1::GFP] I. bmdSi168 [loxN::rps-27p::DHB::2x-mKate2] II. bmdSi200 is a single copy CRISPR/Cas9-engineered insertion of a full length pcn-1::GFP translational fusion under its own promoter. bmdSi168 is a single-copy CRISPR/Cas9-engineered insertion of a codon optimized CDK sensor (amino acids 994–1087 of human DNA Helicase B (DHB) fused to two copies of mKate2). Reference: Adikes RC, et al. "Visualizing the metazoan proliferation-terminal differentiation decision in vivo." bioRxiv 2019.12.18.881888
DQM935 C. elegans bmdSi245 I; fos-1(bmd138[fos-1p::LoxP::GFP::fos-1]) V. Show Description
bmdSi245 [^SEC^lin-29p::mKate2-STOP-STOP-DAMc1::VHH4GFP] I. Pick Rollers to maintain. Wild-type growth. NanoDam toolkit will allows identification of direct genomic targets of TFs as well as chromatin modifiers. In this system, Dam methylase is fused with a binding reagent, an anti-GFP nanobody (vhhGFP4). Thus, genome-wide profiling can be achieved by combining cell type-specific Dam::vhhGFP4 fusion constructs with GFP knock-in alleles.
DQM973 C. elegans bmdSi245 I; swsn-4(bmd63[LoxP::GFP::swsn-4]) IV. Show Description
bmdSi245 [^SEC^lin-29p::mKate2-STOP-STOP-DAMc1::VHH4GFP] I. Wild-type growth and movement. NanoDam toolkit will allows identification of direct genomic targets of TFs as well as chromatin modifiers. In this system, Dam methylase is fused with a binding reagent, an anti-GFP nanobody (vhhGFP4). Thus, genome-wide profiling can be achieved by combining cell type-specific Dam::vhhGFP4 fusion constructs with GFP knock-in alleles.
DQM979 C. elegans bmdSi245 swsn-8(bmd222[(swsn-8p::swsn-8::GFP]) I. Show Description
bmdSi245 [^SEC^lin-29p::mKate2-STOP-STOP-DAMc1::VHH4GFP] I. Wild-type growth and movement. NanoDam toolkit will allows identification of direct genomic targets of TFs as well as chromatin modifiers. In this system, Dam methylase is fused with a binding reagent, an anti-GFP nanobody (vhhGFP4). Thus, genome-wide profiling can be achieved by combining cell type-specific Dam::vhhGFP4 fusion constructs with GFP knock-in alleles.
DQM984 C. elegans bmdSi245 pbrm-1(st12226[pbrm-1::TY1::EGFP::3xFLAG]) I. Show Description
bmdSi245 [^SEC^lin-29p::mKate2-STOP-STOP-DAMc1::VHH4GFP] I. Wild-type growth and movement. NanoDam toolkit will allows identification of direct genomic targets of TFs as well as chromatin modifiers. In this system, Dam methylase is fused with a binding reagent, an anti-GFP nanobody (vhhGFP4). Thus, genome-wide profiling can be achieved by combining cell type-specific Dam::vhhGFP4 fusion constructs with GFP knock-in alleles.
DR1099 C. elegans ama-1(m118m526) IV. Show Description
More resistant to alpha-amanitin than ama-1(m118). Will grow in the presence of 0.5% triton-X 100 with 100 ug/ml amanitin whereas ama-1(m118) will not. DR1099 displays temperature-sensitive defects consistent with defective RNA Pol II function. Sterile at 25C (maternal effect sterile). Fertile at 20C, but produces few viable progeny (~80% eggs that do not hatch). Periodically check for Emb to prevent spontaneously suppressed animals from taking over a population. Reference: Rogalski TM, et al. Genetics. 1990 Dec;126(4):889-98.
DR116 C. elegans unc-15(e73) I; sma-1(e30) V. Show Description
Small. Unc.
DR1410 C. elegans dpy-27(y56)/qC1 [dpy-19(e1259) glp-1(q339)] III. Show Description
WT strain which segregates WT, Dpy and DpySteriles (or WT Steriles if grown at 15C.) Maintain by picking WT. dpy-27 animals are mildly Dpy and Egl with protruding vulva. Maternal effect: progeny of dpy-27 homozygotes will be severely Dpy, marginally viable, and their progeny will be more severe Dpy hermaphrodites and WT males. Males are vigorous and mate well. See also WBPaper00002061.
DR1785 C. elegans mIn1 [dpy-10(e128)]/unc-4(e120) II. Show Description
WT phenotype. Segregates WT, homozygous Dpy-10 mIn1 and homozygous Unc-4 hermaphrodites. Recombination in this interval is suppressed, and recombinant animals have not been detected in this stock. This strain was generated by the Genetic Toolkit project, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use: The Genetic Toolkit is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) (USA) to Ann M. Rose, David L. Baillie, and Donald L. Riddle. Report all experimental results to Don Riddle. mIn1 pka mC6.
DR1790 C. elegans rol-1(e91)/mT1 II; unc-71(e541)/mT1 [dpy-10(e128)] III. Show Description
Heterozygotes are WT and segregate WT, Roller Uncs, and a few Dpy mT1 homozygotes. mT1 is an apparent II;III translocation: small broods, lots of dead eggs, and exhibits pseudolinkage between rol-1 II and unc-71 III. The Roller phenotype of rol-1 expresses late and cannot be scored before adulthood. Pick non-Unc hermaphrodites and check for correct segregation of progeny.
DR1832 C. elegans mT1/unc-4(e120) II; mT1 [dpy-10(e128)]/dpy-17(e164) III. Show Description
WT phenotype. Segregates WT, sterile Dpy mT1 homozygotes, Unc-4;Dpy-17 and large numbers of arrested aneuploid embryos. Pick WT and check for correct segregation of progeny to maintain. This strain was generated by the Genetic Toolkit project, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use: The Genetic Toolkit is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) (USA) to Ann M. Rose, David L. Baillie, and Donald L. Riddle. Report all experimental results to Don Riddle.
DR2054 C. elegans mIn1 [unc-4(e120) dpy-10(e128)]/let-552(e2542) rol-1(e91) II. Show Description
Heterozygotes are WT and segregate WT, DpyUnc [mIn1(mc6) homozygotes], and two-fold arrest Let Rol progeny. Well balanced. Male stock. Cross WT males to WT hermaphrodites and check for correct segregation of progeny.
DR2055 C. elegans mIn1(+) II. Show Description
Dark-bodied, unmarked variant of mIn19mC6) with small broods. Presumably balances let-552 to rol-1 (hermaphrodite stock obtained from outcrossing these males to dpy-10 unc-4 was shown to balance this interval). Isolated from DR1982 as a stock that no longer segregated Dpy-10 animals. Not clear whether this strain is the result of chromosome rearrangement in DR1982, or if DR1982 stock was a mixture of mIn1(+)/mIn[dpy-10] and mIn1(+) homozygotes.
DR2078 C. elegans mIn1 [dpy-10(e128) mIs14]/bli-2(e768) unc-4(e120) II. Show Description
WT gross phenotype, with GFP semi-dominantly expressed in 4-60 cell embyros, pharyngeal muscle and gut. Segregates WT, brighter Dpy GFP mIn1 homozygotes and non-GFP bli-2 unc-4 homozygotes. Pharyngeal and gut GFP is easily seen in a UV dissecting microscope; early embryonic signal requires higher magnification. mIs14 occasionally crosses off mIn1[dpy-10], apparently by double recombination. Pick WT, check for GFP and check for correct segregation of progeny to maintain. mIs14 is ccEx9747 integrated into mIn1[dpy-10]. This is a three-construct element containing myo-2 and pes-10 promoters and a gut enhancer fused individually to GFP coding sequence.
DR2102 C. elegans mIn1 [rol-1(e91)]/let-552(e2542) unc-4(e120) II. Show Description
Heterozygotes are WT and segregate WT, Lethal Uncs and Roller mIn1 homozygotes. let-552 unc-4 chromosome is well balanced. Rol does not express until late L4/early adult. Pick WT and check for correct segregation of progeny.
DR244 C. elegans daf-19(m86) sqt-1(e1350) II. Show Description
Temperature sensitive dauer constitutive. Many dauers at 15C. Dpy. Heterozygotes Roll.
DR26 C. elegans daf-16(m26) I. Show Description
Dauer defective-leaky. Somewhat small. Suppresses daf-2.
DR285 C. elegans sqt-1(e1350) II; him-8(e1489) IV. Show Description
Dpy. Heterozygotes Roll. Segregates males. M-MATING-NO SUCCESS.
DR34 C. elegans unc-54(m34) I. Show Description
Moves relatively well. Recessive.
DR39 C. elegans dpy-3(m39) X. Show Description
Temperature sensitive Dpy. Penetrance is incomplete. Left hand roller. Roller low penetrance. Grows well at 25C.
DR520 C. elegans sDf9/nT1 IV; +/nT1 V. Show Description
Heterozygotes are WT and segregate WT, Vul, and lethals. Lethal early larval. Heterozygotes twitch in 1% nicotine. Well balanced.
DR63 C. elegans daf-4(m63) III. Show Description
Temperature sensititve dauer constitutive. Small. 100% dauers at 25C. 15% dauers at 15C.
DR632 C. elegans unc-15(e73) I; sus-1(m156) III. Show Description
Severly ill and paralyzed. Lays few eggs. More severe than unc-15 alone.
DR684 C. elegans mDf9/nT1 IV; +/nT1 V. Show Description
Heterozygotes are WT and segregate WT, Vul and dead eggs. Homozygous Df is embryonic lethal. Strain is sensitive to alpha-amanitin. New stock received from Patrice Albert 12/95. This strain was generated by the Genetic Toolkit project, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use: The Genetic Toolkit is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) (USA) to Ann M. Rose, David L. Baillie, and Donald L. Riddle. Report all experimental results to Don Riddle.
DR72 C. elegans daf-4(m72) III. Show Description
Temperature sensitive dauer constitutive. Small. Amber. Maintain at 15C.
DR722 C. elegans age-1(m333)/mnC1 [dpy-10(e128) unc-52(e444)] II. Show Description
WT phenotype, segregates WT, Egl (age-1 homozygotes) and DpyUncs. Egl animals give all non-recovering dauer larvae (m333 shows maternal effect), with variable radial shrinkage and variable resistance to 1% SDS. Pick WT to maintain and check for correction segregation of progeny. age-1(m333) pka daf-23(m333).
DR733 C. elegans lon-2(e678) daf-9(e1406)/unc-78(e1217) X. Show Description
Balanced lethal dauer constitutive. Heterozygotes are WT and segregate WT, LonDaf and Unc. Will get 3-5 adult Lon per clone. Maintain by picking WT.
DR792 C. elegans sDf2/nT1 IV; +/nT1 V. Show Description
Hets are WT and segregate WT, dead eggs and Vul (nT1/nT1). Clone WT to maintain. Well balanced. The nT1 homozygotes may overtake the plate at 15C or upon starvation.
DR793 C. elegans dpy-13(e184) mDf7 IV/nT1 [let-?(m435)] (IV;V). Show Description
Heterozygotes are semi-Dpy and segregate semi-Dpy and dead eggs (mDf7/mDf7, nT1/nT1 and aneuploids). This strain was generated by the Genetic Toolkit project, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use: The Genetic Toolkit is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) (USA) to Ann M. Rose, David L. Baillie, and Donald L. Riddle. Report all experimental results to Don Riddle. Rec'd new stock 11/99 from Riddle lab.
DR799 C. elegans mDf4/nT1 IV; +/nT1 V. Show Description
Heterozygotes are semi-Dpy and segregate semi-Dpy, Vul and dead eggs. Maintain by picking semi-Dpy. This strain was generated by the Genetic Toolkit project, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use: The Genetic Toolkit is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) (USA) to Ann M. Rose, David L. Baillie, and Donald L. Riddle. Report all experimental results to Don Riddle.
DR802 C. elegans mDf5/nT1 IV; +/nT1 V. Show Description
Heterozygotes are semi-Dpy and segregate semi-Dpy, Vul and dead eggs. Maintain by picking semi-Dpy. This strain was generated by the Genetic Toolkit project, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use: The Genetic Toolkit is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) (USA) to Ann M. Rose, David L. Baillie, and Donald L. Riddle. Report all experimental results to Don Riddle.
DR803 C. elegans mDf6/nT1 IV; +/nT1 V. Show Description
Heterozygotes are semi-Dpy and segregate semi-Dpy, Vul and dead eggs. Maintain by picking semi-Dpy. This strain was generated by the Genetic Toolkit project, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use: The Genetic Toolkit is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) (USA) to Ann M. Rose, David L. Baillie, and Donald L. Riddle. Report all experimental results to Don Riddle. Rec'd new stock 12/99 from Riddle lab.
DR814 C. elegans dpy-13(e184) ama-1(m118) mDf8 IV/nT1 [let-?(m435)] (IV;V). Show Description
Heterozygotes are semi-Dpy and segregate semi-Dpy, early larval lethals and dead eggs. This strain was generated by the Genetic Toolkit project, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use: The Genetic Toolkit is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) (USA) to Ann M. Rose, David L. Baillie, and Donald L. Riddle. Report all experimental results to Don Riddle.
DR842 C. elegans mut-4(st700) I; mut-5(st701) II; unc-22(st136m498) IV. Show Description
Non-Twitchers. Still contains Tc1. Temperature sensitive. Sterile at 25C, grows ok at 20C. Dauer larvae are SDS resistant.
DR848 C. elegans daf-8(e1393) unc-29(e1072) I. Show Description
Unc-weak kinker, doesn't back well. Temperature sensitive dauer constitutive. Maintain at 15C. Makes high percentage of dauers at 25C. tsp for dauer formation is L1 molt. Type C Egl. Active. Resistant to 1 mM levamisole. Sensitive to hypoosmotic shock.
DR907 C. elegans unc-17(e113) dpy-13(e184) IV; mDp1 (IV;f). Show Description
Animals which carry the Dup are semi-Dpy and segregate semi-Dpy and DpyUnc (animals which have lost the Dup). Animals homozygous for the Dup are slow growing, slender and transparent. This strain was generated by the Genetic Toolkit project, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use: The Genetic Toolkit is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) (USA) to Ann M. Rose, David L. Baillie, and Donald L. Riddle. Report all experimental results to Don Riddle.
DR918 C. elegans mDf10/nT1 IV; +/nT1 V. Show Description
Heterozygotes are semi-Dpy and segregate semi-Dpy, Vul, early larval lethals and dead eggs. Maintain by picking semi-Dpy. This strain was generated by the Genetic Toolkit project, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use: The Genetic Toolkit is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) (USA) to Ann M. Rose, David L. Baillie, and Donald L. Riddle. Report all experimental results to Don Riddle.
DR921 C. elegans dpy-7(sc27) daf-9(e1406)/lon-2(e678) X. Show Description
Heterozygotes are WT. At 25C the hets segregate DpyDafs, WT and Lon. At 15C the hets segregate Dafs, WT and Lon. [dpy-7(sc27) is temperature sensitive. At 25C it is larger than most Dpys and has a tendency to roll. Not expressed at 15C.] Maintain by picking WT.
DUP223 C. elegans glh-1(sam129[glh-1::T2A::sGFP2(1-10)]) I. Show Description
T2A::sGFP2(1-10) fused to the C-terminus of endogenous GLH-1. The T2A self-cleaving peptide separates sGFP2(1-10) from GLH-1 post-translationally so that sGFP2(1-10) disperses throughout germ cell nuclei and cytoplasm. sGFP2(1-10) is also maternally loaded into embryos, where it persists through early and mid-embryonic development. Proteins tagged with the 16aa GFP11 or M3 sequence will bind sGFP2(1-10) in the germline and early embryo to emit GFP fluorescence. Broods from DUP223 are similar to wild-type at permissive and restrictive temperatures. Transgene tag was inserted by CRISPR/Cas9 in an N2 background. [NOTE: (04/23/2021) The original stock received by the CGC was found to be carrying a second insertion, clu-1(sam131[GFP(11)::clu-1]. A new stock verified by to be carrying the correct transgene was received from DUP 05/04/2021.] Reference: Goudeau J, et al. Genetics. 2021 Apr; 217(4): iyab014. PMID: 33693628.
DUP237 C. elegans glh-1(sam140[glh-1::T2A::wrmScarlet(1-10)]) I. Show Description
T2A::wrmScarlet(1-10) fused to the C-terminus of endogenous GLH-1. The T2A self-cleaving peptide separates wrmScarlet(1-10) from GLH-1 post-translationally so that wrmScarlet(1-10) disperses throughout germ cell nuclei and cytoplasm. wrmScarlet(1-10) is also maternally loaded into embryos, where it persists through early and mid-embryonic development. Proteins tagged with the 18aa wrmScarlet(11) sequence will bind wrmScarlet(1-10) in the germline and early embryo to emit wrmScarlet fluorescence. Broods from DUP237 are similar to wild-type at permissive and restrictive temperatures. Transgene tag was inserted by CRISPR/Cas9 in an N2 background. Reference: Goudeau J, et al. Genetics. 2021 Apr; 217(4): iyab014. PMID: 33693628.
DV2689 C. elegans sec-5(pk2357)/mIn1 [dpy-10(e128) mIs14] II. Show Description
Heterozygotes segregate wild-type GFP+ heterozygotes, GFP+ Dpy, and sec-5 homozygotes (scrawny, small broods, abnormal gut appearance) sec-5 is homozygous maternal-effect lethal; M+Z- animals produce a few dead L1-L2 stage larvae with Vab defects. Pick GFP+ wild-type to maintain. Based upon phenotype, pk2357 is a strong loss-of-function, but likely not a null allele; molecular lesion produces a premature stop at position 389. Reference: Frische EW, et al. EMBO J. 2007 Dec 12;26(24):5083-92. [NOTE: This strain was previously described as carrying pk2358, but pk2357 is the correct allele. Both pk2357 and pk2358 cause the same nonsense (amber) change.]
DV3312 C. elegans rgl-1(re179[mNeonGreen::3xFlag::rgl-1]) X. Show Description
Ubiquitous expression with cytosolic localization. Derived in an N2 background. Detection with triplex primers: HS125 5’-CTTGTCACTGTAAGGGAAGATTTCC-3’ HS126 5’-TTGTCCTCCTCTCCCTTGG-3’ HS127 5’ ACGTAGAATGTTCCAGAGTTCCAG-3' Reference: Shin H, et al. Cell Rep. 2018 Sep 4;24(10):2669-2681. PMID: 30184501
DV3313 C. elegans rap-1(re180) IV. Show Description
Gain-of-function allele (G12V). Low penetrance of 3˚ to 1˚ fate transformations (Muv) and duplication of the excretory duct cell. Genotyping primers (Tm=50C, followed by BamHI digestion): oNR122: TGTGTCATCTGGTCTGTACTTGG; oNR123: TCCCCTGCACGAATTGTACC. Reference: Rasmussen NR, Dickinson DJ, and Reiner DJ. Genetics Dec;210(4):1339-1354. doi: 10.1534/genetics.118.301601. PMID: 30257933.
DV3327 C. elegans pmk-1(re170[pmk-1::mNG::3xFlag]) IV. Show Description
mNeonGreen and 3xFlag tag inserted at 3' end of endogenous pmk-1 locus. Fluorescent green signal detected in both cytosol and nuclei of all somatic cells; might be silenced in the germ line. Generated in an N2 background. Reference: Shin H, et al. Cell Rep. 2018 Sep 4;24(10):2669-2681. PMID: 30184501
DV3402 C. elegans ral-1(re218[mKate2::3xFlag::ral-1]) III. Show Description
Ubiquitous expression and localization to plasma membranes. Derived in an N2 background. TD185 5’ -GCCGGAAGAGTGATGAACCC- 3’ TD186 5’ -TAATGAGCTCGGAGACCATGGC- 3’ TD187 5’ -CGCACCTCATCATACATGAACTGC- 3’ Reference: Shin H, et al. Cell Rep. 2018 Sep 4;24(10):2669-2681. PMID: 30184501
DV3462 C. elegans rheb-1(re242)/qC1 [dpy-19(e1259) glp-1(q339)] nIs189 III. Show Description
Pick wild-type GFP+ to maintain. Heterozygotes are wild-type GFP+ (pharynx), and segregate wild-type GFP+ heterozygotes, Dpy Sterile GFP+, and non-GFP re242 homozygotes (arrested at L3). nIs189 [myo-2::GFP] integrated in or near qC1. No recombination seen between nIs189 and qC1; fails to complement all markers on qC1.
DV3651 C. elegans his-72(erb77[his-72::linker::mTurquoise2]) III; yap-1(re269[yap-1::mNeonGreen::2xFLAG]) X. Show Description
mTurqoise2 tag with linker sequence inserted into endogenous his-72 locus. mNeonGreen::2xFLAG tag inserted into endogenous yap-1 locus. Ubiquitous yellow fluorescence (488 nm or 514 nm) is cytosolic with modest nuclear signal and strong exclusion from nucleoli, but translocates to nuclei upon disruption of upstream Hippo pathway components. Deficiency of cst-1/2 (Hippo/MST) causes translocation into nuclei of all hypodermal cells, deficiency of wts-1 (Warts/LATS) causes translocation into nuclei of all cell types observed. YAP-1::mNG::2xFLAG may be non-functional, as endogenous tag blocks lethality conferred by deficiency of WTS-1. References: Huynh L, et al. BioRxiv. 2025 Aug 29:2025.08.22.671798. doi: 10.1101/2025.08.22.671798. PMID: 40909657. Sloan DE & Bembenek JN. MicroPubl Biol. 2021 Sep 29:2021:10.17912/micropub.biology.000471. PMID: 34604717.