Search Strains

M163.3 Homozygous. Outer Left Sequence: GAGGACTCGCACAGTCATCA. Outer Right Sequence: TTCATTTGAGCAATTGAGCG. Inner Left Sequence: TTTCAAGTGTCACCCAACCA. Inner Right Sequence: CCATCCGTGCAAAGTTTCTT. Inner Primer PCR Length: 2807. Estimated Deletion Size: about 2500 bp. Attribution: This strain was provided by the C. elegans Gene Knockout Project at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, which was part of the International C. elegans Gene Knockout Consortium, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use. Paper_evidence WBPaper00041807

sosIs5 [rab-3p::Cerulean-Venus::lgg-1 + unc-119(+)]. Paralyzed Unc.

wtfIs145 [rab-3p::his-24::GCaMP6s::unc-54 3'UTR + pha-1(+)]. Pan-neuronal expression of nuclear-localized GCaMP6s. Reference: Sharma AK, et al. Genetics 2024 May 11:iyae077. doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyae077 PMID: 38733622.

wtfIs145 [rab-3p::his-24::GCaMP6s::unc-54 3' UTR + pBX]. GCaMP6s transgene allows for imaging whole-brain calcium activity with neuronal identification using NeuroPAL system. See description of strain OH15262 for full description of otIs669 NeuroPAL (Neuronal Polychromatic Atlas of Landmarks) transgene (Yemini E, et al. Cell. 2021 Jan 7;184(1):272-288.e11. PMID: 33378642). Derived by out-crossing parental strain OH15262 an additional six times before incorporating wtfIs145. References: Yu X, et al. Elife. 2021 Jul 14;10:e66410. doi: 10.7554/eLife.66410. PMID: 34259623. Randi F, et al. Nature 2023 Nov;623(7986):406-414. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06683-4. PMID: 37914938. Sharma AK, et al. Genetics 2024 May 11:iyae077. doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyae077 PMID: 38733622.

juSi164 [mex-5p::HIS-72::miniSOG + Cbr-unc-119(+)] III. wtfIs263 [rab-3p::AI::ChR2(H134R)::unc-54 3'UTR + rab-3p::AI::Voltron::unc-54 3'UTR + rab-3p::his-24::tagBFP::unc-54 3'UTR]. Keep plates covered to avoid unnecessary exposure to light. Pan-neuronal expression of ChR2 (H134R) along with Voltron volatage indicator and nuclear-localized tagBFP. Reporter construct contains an artificial intron (AI). Reference: Sharma AK, et al. Genetics 2024 May 11:iyae077. doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyae077 PMID: 38733622.

juSi164 [mex-5p::HIS-72::miniSOG + Cbr-unc-119(+)] III. wtfEx296 [rab-3p::AI::gur-3G::unc-54 3'UTR + rab-3p::AI::prdx-2G::SL2::his-24::tagRFP::unc-54 3'UTR + rab-3p::his-24::GCaMP6s::unc-54 3'UTR]. Pick RFP+ to maintain. Keep plates covered to avoid unnecessary exposure to light. Worms expressing a purple light-sensitive optogenetic protein system: pan-neuronal expression of GUR-3 and PRDX-2 with nuclear-localized tagRFP and GCaMP6s. Reporter construct contains an artificial intron (AI). Reference: Sharma AK, et al. Genetics 2024 May 11:iyae077. doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyae077 PMID: 38733622.

juSi164 [mex-5p::HIS-72::miniSOG + Cbr-unc-119(+)] III. wtfIs335 [5xQUAS+(delta)pes-10p::AI::eTsChR::unc-54 3'UTR + rab-3p::AI::QF+hGR::SL2::tagBFP::unc-54 3'UTR + rab-3p::his-24::tagRFP::unc-54 3'UTR + rab-3p::his-24::GCaMP6s::unc-54 3'UTR]. Keep plates covered to avoid unnecessary exposure to light. Pan-neuronal eTsChR on activation using dex treatment via QF+hGR. Worms also express calcium sensing fluorescence protein- GCaMP6s in nuclei of each neurons. Reporter construct contains an artificial intron (AI). Reference: Sharma AK, et al. Genetics 2024 May 11:iyae077. doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyae077 PMID: 38733622.

wtfIs145 [rab-3p::his-24::GCaMP6s::unc-54 3' UTR + pBX]. wtfIs348 [pAS3-5xQUAS::(delta)pes-10p::AI::gur-3G::unc-54 3' UTR + pAS3-5xQUAS::(delta)pes-10p::AI::prdx-2G::unc-54 3' UTR + pAS3-rab-3p::AI::QF+GR::unc-54 3' UTR + unc-122::GFP]. Keep plates covered to avoid unnecessary exposure to light. This strain expresses a purple light-sensitive optogenetic protein system (i.e., GUR-3 and PRDX-2) in each neuron, and GFP in coelomocytes. GCaMP6s transgene allows for imaging whole-brain calcium activity with neuronal identification using NeuroPAL system. See description of strain OH15262 for full description of otIs669 NeuroPAL (Neuronal Polychromatic Atlas of Landmarks) transgene (Yemini E, et al. Cell. 2021 Jan 7;184(1):272-288.e11. PMID: 33378642). Derived by out-crossing parental strain OH15262 an additional six times before incorporating other transgenes. References: Yu X, et al. Elife. 2021 Jul 14;10:e66410. doi: 10.7554/eLife.66410. PMID: 34259623. Randi F, et al. Nature 2023 Nov;623(7986):406-414. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06683-4. PMID: 37914938. Sharma AK, et al. Genetics 2024 May 11:iyae077. doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyae077 PMID: 38733622.

wtfIs145 [rab-3p::his-24::GCaMP6s::unc-54 3' UTR + pBX]. wtfIs348 [pAS3-5xQUAS::(delta)pes-10p::AI::gur-3G::unc-54 3' UTR + pAS3-5xQUAS::(delta)pes-10p::AI::prdx-2G::unc-54 3' UTR + pAS3-rab-3p::AI::QF+GR::unc-54 3' UTR + unc-122::GFP]. Keep plates covered to avoid unnecessary exposure to light. This strain expresses a purple light-sensitive optogenetic protein system (i.e., GUR-3 and PRDX-2) in each neuron, and GFP in coelomocytes. GCaMP6s transgene allows for imaging whole-brain calcium activity with neuronal identification using NeuroPAL system. unc-31(wtf502) is a CRISPR-engineered deletion allele. See description of strain OH15262 for full description of otIs669 NeuroPAL (Neuronal Polychromatic Atlas of Landmarks) transgene (Yemini E, et al. Cell. 2021 Jan 7;184(1):272-288.e11. PMID: 33378642). Derived by out-crossing parental strain OH15262 an additional six times before incorporating other transgenes. Reference: Randi F, et al. Nature 2023 Nov;623(7986):406-414. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06683-4. PMID: 37914938.

juSi164 [mex-5p::HIS-72::miniSOG + Cbr-unc-119(+)] III. wtfIs483 [rab-3p::AI::lite-1G::unc-54 3'UTR + rab-3p::AI::prdx-2G::SL2::his-24::tagRFP::unc-54 3'UTR + rab-3p::his-24::GCaMP6s::unc-54 3'UTR]. Keep plates covered to avoid unnecessary exposure to light. Pan-neuronal expression of a purple/violet light-sensitive optogenetic protein system LITE-1 and PRDX-2 with nuclear-localized tagRFP and GCaMP6s. Reporter construct contains an artificial intron (AI). Reference: Sharma AK, et al. Genetics 2024 May 11:iyae077. doi: 10.1093/genetics/iyae077 PMID: 38733622.

wtfIs46 [mec-4p::Chrimson::SL2::mCherry::unc-54 3'UTR]. wtfEx535 [tdc-1p::AI::lgc- 47::SL2::his-24::tagRFP + unc-122p::GFP]. Pick animals with GFP+ coelomocytes to maintain. Expression of activating opsin molecule Chrimson in six gentle-touch mechanosensory neurons (ALML/R, AVM, PLML/R, PVM). Rescuing LGC-47 expression in RIML/R neurons. Reporter construct contains an artificial intron (AI). Reference: Kumar S, et al. An inhibitory acetylcholine receptor gates context dependent mechanosensory processing in C. elegans. bioRxiv 2024.03.21.586204; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.21.586204. PMID: 38585821.

wtfIs46 [mec-4p::Chrimson::SL2::mCherry::unc-54 3'UTR]. wtfEx543 [tdc-1p::AI::lgc-47::SL2::his-24::tagRFP + npr-9p::AI::lgc-47::SL2::tagBFP + rig-3p::AI::lgc-47::SL2::GFP + unc-122p::GFP]. Pick animals with GFP+ coelomocytes to maintain. Expression of activating opsin molecule Chrimson in six gentle-touch mechanosensory neurons (ALML/R, AVM, PLML/R, PVM). Rescuing LGC-47 expression in AIB, AVA, and RIM neurons. Reporter construct contains an artificial intron (AI). Reference: Kumar S, et al. An inhibitory acetylcholine receptor gates context dependent mechanosensory processing in C. elegans. bioRxiv 2024.03.21.586204; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.21.586204. PMID: 38585821.

Homozygous sterile deletion balanced by tmC9 [F36H1.2(tmIs1221[myo-2p::Venus])]. Heterozygotes are wild-type Venus+ in pharynx, and segregate wild-type Venus+ heterozygotes, non-Venus Sterile (tm6688 homozygotes), and Venus+ Mec Unc (tmC9 homozygotes). Pick viable fertile Venus+ animals and check for correct segregation of progeny to maintain. Reference: Furuta T & Arur S. 2023. sart-3 functions to regulate germline sex determination in C. elegans. microPublication Biology. PubMed ID: 37206989.

Homozygous lethal deletion balanced by tmC9 [F36H1.2(tmIs1221[myo-2p::Venus])]. Heterozygotes are wild-type Venus+ in pharynx, and segregate wild-type Venus+ heterozygotes, non-Venus Sterile (tm15993 homozygotes), and Venus+ Mec Unc (tmC9 homozygotes). Pick viable fertile Venus+ animals and check for correct segregation of progeny to maintain. 93% of tm15993 homozygotes die before adulthood and those that escape are sterile. Reference: Furuta T & Arur S. 2023. sart-3 functions to regulate germline sex determination in C. elegans. microPublication Biology. PubMed ID: 37206989.

sEx10561 contains [rCes F56H1.4::GFP + pCeh361]. Maintain by picking WT. WT animals are GFP+. Strain construction supported by Genome British Columbia and Genome Canada. Please acknowledge McKay et al, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 68: 159-169 2004 (WBPaper00006525).

sEx11472 [rCes C55H1.2::GFP + pCeh361]. Maintain by picking WT. WT animals are GFP+. Strain construction supported by Genome British Columbia and Genome Canada. Please acknowledge McKay et al, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 68: 159-169 2004 (WBPaper00006525).

sIs11724 [rCesF36H1.2::GFP + pCeh361]. Maintain by picking WT. WT animals are GFP+. Strain construction supported by Genome British Columbia and Genome Canada. Please acknowledge McKay et al, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 68: 159-169 2004 (WBPaper00006525).

sEx13503[rCesF58H1.1::GFP + pCeh361]. Maintain by picking WT. WT animals are GFP+. Strain construction supported by Genome British Columbia and Genome Canada. Please acknowledge McKay et al, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 68: 159-169 2004 (WBPaper00006525).

sEx13897 [rCes C11H1.3::GFP + pCeh361]. Maintain by picking WT. WT animals are GFP+. Strain construction supported by Genome British Columbia and Genome Canada. Please acknowledge McKay et al, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 68: 159-169 2004 (WBPaper00006525).

sEx14459 [rCes W09H1.5::GFP + pCeh361]. Maintain by picking WT. WT animals are GFP+. Strain construction supported by Genome British Columbia and Genome Canada. Please acknowledge McKay et al, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 68: 159-169 2004 (WBPaper00006525).

sEx14834 [rCesR10H1.2::GFP + pCeh361]. Maintain by picking WT. WT animals are GFP+. Strain construction supported by Genome British Columbia and Genome Canada. Please acknowledge McKay et al, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 68: 159-169 2004 (WBPaper00006525).

sEx15578 [rCesC55H1.1::GFP + pCeh361]. Maintain by picking WT. WT animals are GFP+. Strain construction supported by Genome British Columbia and Genome Canada. Please acknowledge McKay et al, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 68: 159-169 2004 (WBPaper00006525).

sEx359 [F36H1 (IV) + pCes1943[rol-6(su1006)]]. 20 ng/ul F36H1 + 80 ng/ul pCes1943[rol-6(su1006dm)] injected into hermaphrodite from BC842 (N2 male strain). pCes1943 carries rol-6(su1006) [an EcoRI insert from pRF4] and a kanamycin cassette. Select Rollers to maintain. Presence of cosmid confirmed by PCR. This transgenic strains were constructed in collaboration with the C. elegans Genome Sequencing Consortium Labs in St. Louis, MO and Hinxton, Cambridge, UK. Funding for the creation of this transgenic strain was provided by a grant to Ann Rose and David Baillie from the Canadian Genome Analysis and Technology Program (CGAT), and from a grant from NSERC (Canada) to David Baillie. If you use this strain in work which you publish, please acknowledge these grants.

bqSi577 [myo-2p::GFP + unc-119(+)] IV. Germline granules defective, ~30% sterility. Males fail to be attracted by hermaphrodite-secreted volatile sex pheromones. Express GFP in pharyngeal muscles. Reference: Toker IA, et al. Dev Cell. 2022 Feb 7;57(3):298-309.e9. PMID: 35134343

EMS-induced deletion from -583 to +1017, including first two exons and part of third exon. Probable null. No obvious phenotype.

pduEx1 [pCE-bJUN-VN173 + pCE-bFOX-VC155 + rol-6(su1006)]. Pick Rollers to maintain. Heat-shock induces protein expression and BiFC complementation consistent with expression of the hsp-16.2 promoter.

Lethal/sterile dpy-26 allele balanced over tmC5 labelled with Venus. Heterozygotes are wild-type with somewhat dimmer Venus signal and segregate WT Venus(+) heterozygotes, Mec Unc Venus(+) tmC5 homozygotes, and non-Venus n199 homozygotes (variable morphology). Pick wild-type Venus(+) and check for proper segregation of progeny to maintain. Derived by crossing parental strains FX30140 with CB5101 (males).

Engineered null mutations in predicted GPCR genes. Reference: Pu L, et al. Nat Commun. 2023 Dec 18;14(1):8410. PMID: 38110404.

Temperature sensitive. Embryonic lethal at 25C (tight); arrests at first cleavage. Gondadogenesis defective. Will grow at 15C or 20C. Maternal effect (m,m).

raEx258 [T05G5.1p::C40H1.6(cDNA)::GFP + pha-1(+) + rol-6]. Temperature-sensitive pha-1 mutant rescued by extrachromosomal array carrying pha-1(+), dominant rol-6, and cDNA::GFP fusion driven by muscle promoter (T05G5.1). Grow at 25 degrees to maintain. At 15 degrees maintain by picking Rol-6 animals. WBPaper00038444.

raEx295 [T05G5.1p::F28H1.2(cDNA)::GFP + pha-1(+) + rol-6]. Temperature-sensitive pha-1 mutant rescued by extrachromosomal array carrying pha-1(+), dominant rol-6, and cDNA::GFP fusion driven by muscle promoter (T05G5.1). Grow at 25 degrees to maintain. At 15 degrees maintain by picking Rol-6 animals. WBPaper00038444.

eagIs6 [spn-4p::jGCaMP7s::pie-1 3'UTR + HygR [*fxIs10] ] II. ujIs113 [pie-1p::mCherry::H2B::pie-1 3'UTR + nhr-2p::his-24::mCherry::let-858 3'UTR + unc-119(+)]. CaFE reporter (calcium inducible fluorescence in germline). Calcium-inducible fluorescent jGCaMP7s protein codon-optimized for elegans and expressed in germline enables visualization of calcium wave upon fertilization. H2::mCherry marks germline nuclei. Reference: Toperzer KM, et al. Biol Open. 2023 Sep 15;12(9):bio059832. PMID: 37602653.

eeEx100 [his-24::GFP + rol-6(su1006)]. Rollers. Nuclear GFP fluorescence detected beginning with the eight-cell stage of the embryo in all somatic nuclei without the P-cell. In adults the GFP signal in somatic cells and in few hermaphrodites in undifferentiated germ nuclei and in oocytes and sperm. About 20% transmission.

Break points: In(C01B10.3 eak-7 In(mec-3 unc-31)) IV. Covered region (Mb) 6.2 (6.6..12.8) Balancer marked with myo-2p::Venus. Mec Unc. Reference: Dejima K, et al. Cell Rep. 2018 Jan 2;22(1):232-241.

Break points: In(glb-19 lgc-52 In(mec-3 unc-31)) IV. Covered region (Mb) 4.8 (10.5..15.2) Balancer marked with myo-2p::Venus. Unc Mec. Reference: Dejima K, et al. Cell Rep. 2018 Jan 2;22(1):232-241.

CRISPR/Cas9-engineered insertion of AID*::GFP tags into N-terminus of endogenous gtf-2H1 locus allowing auxin-induced degradation.

sbEx136 [(pAW33.1) let-502p::GFP + rol-6(su1006)]. pAW33.1 is about 6.6 kb BamH1 fragment from K06G1 and includes the first 12 amino acids of LET-502 clones into pPD95.67/BamH1. Should be nuclear localized, but is not nuclear localized. Maintain by picking Rollers.

ujIs113 [pie-1p::mCherry::H2B::pie-1 3'UTR + nhr-2p::his-24::mCherry::let-858 3'UTR + unc-119(+)]. Reference: Zacharias A, et al. PLoS Genet. 2015 Oct 21;11(10):e1005585.

ujIs113 [pie-1p::mCherry::H2B::pie-1 3'UTR + nhr-2p::his-24::mCherry::let-858 3'UTR + unc-119(+)] II. ujIs193 [nhr-67::TY1::EGFP::3xFLAG + unc-119(+)]. TY1::EGFP::3xFLAG tag inserted in frame at C-terminus of coding sequence in fosmid ID#WRM0633cC01 by recombineering. Expression of transgene confirmed by GFP.

ujIs113 [pie-1p::mCherry::H2B::pie-1 3'UTR + nhr-2p::his-24::mCherry::let-858 3'UTR + unc-119(+)] II. ujEx173 [ceh-36::TY1::eGFP::3xFLAG + unc-119(+)]. ujEx173 rescues unc-36, suppressing synthetic lethality in animals carrying the array. Reference: Walton T, et al. PLoS Genet. 2015 Mar 4;11(3):e1005003.

ujIs113 [pie-1p::mCherry::H2B::pie-1 3'UTR + nhr-2p::his-24::mCherry::let-858 3'UTR + unc-119(+)]. stIs10286 [nob-1::GFP::unc-54 3'UTR + rol-6(su1006)]. stIs10286 contains 9kb promoter and full nob-1 transcript fused to GFP. Reference: Zhao Z, et al. PLoS Genet. 2010 Sep 2;6(9):e1001089.

ujIs113 [pie-1p::mCherry::H2B::pie-1 3'UTR + nhr-2p::his-24::mCherry::let-858 3'UTR + unc-119(+)] II. ujIs153 [ceh-13::TY1::EGFP::3xFLAG + unc-119(+)]. TY1::EGFP::3xFLAG tag inserted in frame at C-terminus of coding sequence in fosmid ID#WRM0622c06 by recombineering. Expression of transgene confirmed by GFP.

jerEx30 [ddr-2p::BiFC1 (EGFH1-LINK-SYN) + tph-1p::BIFC2 (SYN-EGFH2) + rol-6(su1006)]. Pick Rollers to maintain. a-Synuclein BiFC transfer strain is a model to investigate neuron-to-neuron alpha-syn transfer. Reference: Tyson T, et al. Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 8;7(1):7506.

rdvIs1 [egl-17p::Myri-mCherry::pie-1 3'UTR + egl-17p::mig-10::YFP::unc-54 3'UTR + egl-17p::mCherry-TEV-S::his-24 + rol-6(su1006)] III. Rollers, red fluorescence in vulvae. YFP cannot be detected. lqIs58 [gcy-32::CFP] V. Reference: Josephson MP, et al. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 10;11(2):e0148658.

rdvIs1 [egl-17p::Myri-mCherry::pie-1 3'UTR + egl-17p::mig-10::YFP::unc-54 3'UTR + egl-17p::mCherry-TEV-S::his-24 + rol-6(su1006)] III. lqIs80 [SCMp::GFP::caax] IV. Rollers. GFP expression in seam cells. Red fluorescence in vulvae. YFP cannot be detected.

[This strain is not available to order. The strain accumulates mitochondrial defects even as a het, and is not suitable for long-term propagation.] The homozygous polg-1(srh1) allele is sterile and the worms are non fluorescent. The homozygous balancer strain is lethal. The heterozygote strain has a fluorescent pharyngeal bulb. Pick heterozygotes to maintain the strain. Over multiple generations the strain accumulates mitochondrial DNA mutations. It is best to outcross the polg-1(srh1) allele using males into a hermaphrodite that has wildtype mitochondrial DNA. The behavioral phenotypes and mitochondrial dysfunction starts around 15 generations of carrying the mutant polymerase and plateaus at around 30 generations.

Balancer recombination happens frequently at 23-25C, strain must be maintained at 16-20C. Homozygous lethal mutation balanced by myo-2p::Venus-marked inversion. Heterozygotes are wild-type with somewhat dimmer Venus signal and segregate WT Venus(+) heterozygotes, Mec Unc Venus(+) tmC5 homozygotes, and non-Venus rps-23(cc5994) homozygotes (L1 arrest). Pick wild-type Venus(+) and check for proper segregation of progeny to maintain. cc5994 is an engineered mutation creating an early stop (A67*). Presumptive rps-23 null. Heterozygous rps-23(cc5994)/tmC5 animals are delayed in development. Check for proper segregation of progeny. Reference: Cenik ES, et al. Dev Cell. 2019 Mar 25;48(6):811-826.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.019. PMID: 30799226.

Superficially wild type. CRISPR/Cas9 engineered STOP-IN null mutant of F53H1.3. Universal 43bp-long knock-in insertion with 3-frame stop codon (STOP-IN cassette). Left flanking sequence: GGAGCCGGATATTGAGCCATGGGACCGGTTTCGC. Right flanking sequence: GACTGGCTTCACTGCATTTGTGTGGTCACGTTTG. Inserted sequence between the two-flanking sequence (STOP-IN cassette): GGGAAGTTTGTCCAGAGCAGAGGTGACTAAGTGATAAgctagc. sgRNA: CATGGGACCGGTTTCGCGAC. Method Reference: Wang H, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2018 Nov 6;8(11):3607-3616.

E02H1.2 Homozygous. Outer Left Sequence: TTTTCCAAGGTGGACCAAAG. Outer Right Sequence: CTTTTCTCGACGGCTTCAAC. Inner Left Sequence: TTGCTAGGGAGCATCCAAGT. Inner Right Sequence: CCCAATACAACCAGCAACAA. Inner Primer PCR Length: 2359. Estimated Deletion Size: about 350 bp. Attribution: This strain was provided by the C. elegans Gene Knockout Project at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, which was part of the International C. elegans Gene Knockout Consortium, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use. Paper_evidence WBPaper00041807

C40H1.4 Homozygous. Outer Left Sequence: caatcacgtacccagtcacg. Outer Right Sequence: tgtgtcgatttgagtttggc. Inner Left Sequence: atttcaagcctctttgggct. Inner Right Sequence: tctacggaccgaatcacaca. Inner Primer PCR Length: 2156. Estimated Deletion Size: about 1200 bp. Attribution: This strain was provided by the C. elegans Gene Knockout Project at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, which was part of the International C. elegans Gene Knockout Consortium, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use. Paper_evidence WBPaper00041807