Search Strains

More Fields
Strain Species Genotype Add
EU2885 C. elegans abtm-1(or983) I; unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III; ojIs1. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. ojIs1 [pie-1p::GFP::tbb-2 + unc-119(+)]. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Maintain at 15C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU2887 C. elegans abtm-1(or1613) I; unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III; ojIs1; orIs21. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. ojIs1 [pie-1p::GFP::tbb-2 + unc-119(+)]. orIs21 [pie-1p::GFP::PH]. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Maintain at 15C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU2890 C. elegans abtm-1(or1400) I; unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Maintain at 15C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU2891 C. elegans abtm-1(or1184) I; unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III; ojIs1; orIs21. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. ojIs1 [pie-1p::GFP::tbb-2 + unc-119(+)]. orIs21 [pie-1p::GFP::PH]. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Maintain at 15C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU2892 C. elegans ndg-4(or1088) unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Maintain at 15C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU2893 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III; drp-1(or1233) IV; ojIs1; orIs21. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. ojIs1 [pie-1p::GFP::tbb-2 + unc-119(+)]. orIs21 [pie-1p::GFP::PH]. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Maintain at 15C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU2896 C. elegans rpl-7(or1247) I; unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Maintain at 15C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU2902 C. elegans rpl-7(or990) I; unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Maintain at 15C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU2906 C. elegans sqv-8(or1112) II; unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III; ojIs1; orIs21. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. ojIs1 [pie-1p::GFP::tbb-2 + unc-119(+)]. orIs21 [pie-1p::GFP::PH]. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Maintain at 15C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU2908 C. elegans ippk-1(or1572) II; unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Maintain at 15C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU2914 C. elegans sqv-8(or888) II; unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Maintain at 15C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU2959 C. elegans vps-15(or1235) II; unc-119(ed3) III; orIs21. Show Description
orIs21 [pie-1p::GFP::PH]. Maintain at 15C. Embryonic lethal at 26C. Temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal following L4 upshift; germline defective following L1 upshift. Reference: Lowry J, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2015 Aug 26;5(11):2241-55.
EU3030 C elegans ijmSi3 I; unc-119(ed3) III; ltIs37 IV. Show Description
ijmSi3 [mex-5p::cls-2(re-encoded)::GFP::tbb-2 3'UTR + Cbr-unc-119(+)] I. ltIs37 [pie-1p::mCherry::his-58 + unc-119(+)] IV. The coding sequence of GFP-tagged cls-2 in the transgene was re-coded using silent mutations to render it insensitive to RNAi-depletion of endogenous cls-2 expression. mCherry expression marks histones. Not known if unc-119(ed3) is still carried in the background of this strain. [NOTE: the ltIs37 [pie-1p::mCherry::his-58 + unc-119(+)] IV transgene was previously annotated as itIs37 in this strain. The correct name of the transgene is ltIs37 and not itIs37.] Reference: Schlientz A and Bowerman B. PLoS Genet. 2020 Oct 7;16(10):e1008751. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008751.
EU3095 C elegans aspm-1(or1935[GFP::aspm-1]) I; zyg-9(or1984) II; ltIs37 IV. Show Description
ItIs37 [pie-1p::mCherry::his-58 + unc-119(+)] IV. Maintain at 15C. Fast-acting temperature-sensitive allele. At restrictive temperature (26C), animals give rise to 100% dead embryos. At 15C, animals give rise to viable progeny. GFP::aspm-1 localizes to meiotic spindle poles and centrosomes during early development. Might still carry unc-119(ed3) III in background. Reference: Harvey AM, et al. PLoS Genet. 2023 Jan 6;19(1):e1010363. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010363. PMID: 36608115
EU3121 C. elegans tac-1(or1955[gfp::tac-1]) II; ltIs37 IV. Show Description
ltIs37 [pie-1p::mCherry::his-58 + unc-119(+)] IV. GFP tag inserted into endogenous tac-1 locus. Might still contain unc-119(ed3) in the background. [NOTE: the ltIs37 [pie-1p::mCherry::his-58 + unc-119(+)] IV transgene was previously annotated as itIs37 in this strain. The correct name of the transgene is ltIs37 and not itIs37.] Reference: Chuang CH, et al., Biology Open 2020 9: bio052308 doi: 10.1242/bio.052308 Published 25 June 2020
EU3169 C. elegans zyg-9(or1956[gfp::zyg-9]) II; ltIs37 IV. Show Description
ltIs37 [pie-1p::mCherry::his-58 + unc-119(+)] IV. GFP tag inserted into endogenous zyg-9 locus. Might still contain unc-119(ed3) in the background. [NOTE: the ltIs37 [pie-1p::mCherry::his-58 + unc-119(+)] IV transgene was previously annotated as itIs37 in this strain. The correct name of the transgene is ltIs37 and not itIs37.] Reference: Chuang CH, et al., Biology Open 2020 9: bio052308 doi: 10.1242/bio.052308 Published 25 June 2020
EV343 C. elegans unc-119(ed3); efEx12. Show Description
efEx12 [glp-1::TY1::EGFP::3xFLAG(92C12) + unc-119(+)]. Pick non-Unc to maintain. GFP expression in the proliferative region of the germ line (resembling endogenous GLP-1 protein localization), and also in spermatheca and other somatic tissues. Derived by bombarding strain DP38 with LAP-tagged glp-1 fosmid (WRM0630DF02).
FGP1 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; fgpIs20. Show Description
fgpIs20 [(pFGP79) pie-1p::mCherry::smo-1(GG) + unc-119(+)]. Propagate at 20-25°C. Switching to 25C prior to imaging may enhance the signal from fgpIs20. Allows SUMO localization/conjugation to be observed within the germline and embryos. Reference: Pelisch et al. Nat Commun. 2014 Dec 5;5:5485.
FGP2 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; fgpIs21. Show Description
fgpIs21 [(pFGP80) pie-1p::mCherry::smo-1(GA) + unc-119(+)]. Propagate at 20-25°C. Switching to 25C prior to imaging may enhance the signal. May be used to follow unconjugated SUMO localization within the germline and embryo. When compared with strain FGP1, the difference in fluorescence signal corresponds to SUMO conjugation in FGP1. Reference: Pelisch et al. Nat Commun. 2014 Dec 5;5:5485.
FGP3 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; fgpIs23. Show Description
fgpIs23 [(pFGP78) pie-1p::GFP::TEV-S-Tag::smo-1(GG) + unc-119(+)]. Propagate at 20-25°C. Switching to 25C prior to imaging may enhance the signal. Allows SUMO localization/conjugation to be observed within the germline and embryos. Reference: Pelisch et al. Nat Commun. 2014 Dec 5;5:5485.
FGP4 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; fgpIs24. Show Description
fgpIs24 [(pFGP77) pie-1p::GFP::TEV-S-Tag::smo-1(GA) + unc-119(+)]. Propagate at 20-25°C. Switching to 25C prior to imaging may enhance the signal. When compared with strain FGP3, the difference in fluorescence signal corresponds to SUMO conjugation in FGP3. Reference: Pelisch et al. Nat Commun. 2014 Dec 5;5:5485.
FGP7 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; ruIs57; fgpIs20. Show Description
ruIs57 [pie-1p::GFP::tubulin + unc-119(+)]. Expression of GFP::tubulin fusion in germline and early embryos. fgpIs20 [(pFGP79) pie-1p::mCherry::smo-1(GG) + unc-119(+)]. Propagate at 20-25°C. Switching to 25C prior to imaging may enhance the signal from fgpIs20. Allows SUMO localization/conjugation to be observed within the germline and embryos. Reference: Pelisch et al. Nat Commun. 2014 Dec 5;5:5485.
FGP8 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) ruIs32 III; fgpIs20. Show Description
ruIs32 [pie-1p::GFP::H2B + unc-119(+)] III. Expression of GFP::H2B histone fusion in germline. fgpIs20 [(pFGP79) pie-1p::mCherry::smo-1(GG) + unc-119(+)]. Propagate at 20-25°C. Switching to 25C prior to imaging may enhance the signal from fgpIs20. Allows SUMO localization/conjugation to be observed within the germline and embryos. Reference: Pelisch et al. Nat Commun. 2014 Dec 5;5:5485.
FT1197 C. elegans unc-119(ed3); xnIs449. Show Description
xnIs449 [lin-26::lifeAct::GFP + unc-119(+)]. LifeAct-GFP expressed in epidermal cells of embryos. In adults, expression is also observed in pharynx and some cells in the tail. Reference: Zilberman, Y., J. Abrams, D.C. Anderson, and J. Nance. 2017. Cdc42 regulates junctional actin but not cell polarization in the Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis. J Cell Biol 216: 3729-3744.
FT1221 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) xnIs459 III. Show Description
xnIs459 [YFP::ral-1a + unc-119(+)] III. Expresses YFP::ral-1 maternally and zygotically. Expression is present in many cells, including early embryos, epithelial cells, the excretory cell, and the germ line. Reference: Armenti ST, Chan E, Nance J. Dev Biol. 2014 Aug 4. pii: S0012-1606(14)00355-8.
FT1310 C. elegans avr-14(ad1302) I; xnSi31 II; unc-119 (ed3) III; glc-1(pk54::Tc1) avr-15(ad1051) V. Show Description
xnSi31 [sec-8::mCherry + unc-119(+)] II. Expresses sec-8::mCherry maternally and zygotically. Expression is present in many cells, including early embryos, epithelial cells, the excretory cell, and the germ line. Transgene was inserted by MosSCI into ttTi5605 excision site. Derived from WM186. Reference: Armenti ST, Chan E, Nance J. Dev Biol. 2014 Aug 4. pii: S0012-1606(14)00355-8.
FT1341 C. elegans xnIs23. Show Description
xnIs23 [cdc-42p::ZF1::GFP::cdc-42 + unc-119(+)]. Transgene insertion expressing ZF1::GFP::CDC-42 ubiquitously in somatic cells. Transgenic cdc-42 protein subject to ZIF-1-dependent degradation. Might still have unc-119(ed3) in the background. Reference: Armenti STet al. Development. 2014 Dec;141(23):4640-7. doi: 10.1242/dev.115048. Epub 2014 Nov 5. PMID: 25377555.
FT1370 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs484. Show Description
xnIs484 [mCherry::sec-10 + unc-119(+)]. Expresses mCherry::sec-10 maternally and zygotically. Expression is present in many cells, including early embryos, epithelial cells, the excretory cell, and the germ line. Reference: Armenti ST, Chan E, Nance J. Dev Biol. 2014 Aug 4. pii: S0012-1606(14)00355-8.
FT1379 C. elegans avr-14(ad1302) I; xnSi34 II; unc-119 (ed3) III; glc-1(pk54::Tc1) avr-15(ad1051) V. Show Description
xnSi34 [sec-15::YFP + unc-119(+)] II. Expresses sec-15::YFP maternally and zygotically. Expression is present in many cells, including early embryos, epithelial cells, the excretory cell, and the germ line. Transgene was inserted by MosSCI into ttTi5605 excision site. Derived from WM186. Reference: Armenti ST, Chan E, Nance J. Dev Biol. 2014 Aug 4. pii: S0012-1606(14)00355-8.
FT1394 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs502. Show Description
xnIs502 [pie-1p::GFP::jac-1 + unc-119(+)]. Maintain at 25C to slow silencing of transgene. GFP::JAC-1 localized at contacts in early embryos. Reference: Klompstra D, et al. Nat Cell Biol. 2015 Jun;17(6):726-35.
FT1450 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs23; xnEx342. Show Description
xnIs23 [cdc-42p::ZF1::GFP::cdc-42 + unc-119(+)]. xnEx342 [rab-3p::zif-1 + rab-3p::mCherry + rol-6(su1006)]. Pick Rollers to maintain. ZF1::GFP::cdc-42 is expressed ubiquitously and enriched at the plasma membrane. Transgenic cdc-42 is subject to ZIF-1-dependent degradation. Neuronal cells inheriting xnEx342 express ZIF-1 and mCherry. Reference: Armenti ST, et al. Development. 2014 Dec;141(23):4640-7.
FT1459 C. elegans unc-119(ed3); xnIs506. Show Description
xnIs506 [cdc42p::GST::GFP::wsp-1(GBD) + unc-119(+)]. Biosensor for active CDC-42. In epithelia, GFP is enriched at junctions between epithelial cells. Some signal is in the nucleus (this signal is reduced by addition of GST, which makes the transgenic protein larger). Reference: Zilberman, Y., J. Abrams, D.C. Anderson, and J. Nance. 2017. Cdc42 regulates junctional actin but not cell polarization in the Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis. J Cell Biol 216: 3729-3744.
FT1481 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs23; xnEx350. Show Description
xnIs23 [cdc-42p::ZF1::GFP::cdc-42 + unc-119(+)]. xnEx350 [elt-2p::zif-1 + elt-2p::mCherry + rol-6(su1006)]. Pick Rollers to maintain. ZF1::GFP::cdc-42 is expressed ubiquitously and enriched at the plasma membrane. Transgenic cdc-42 subject to ZIF-1-dependent degradation. Intestinal cells that inherit xnEx350 express ZIF-1 and mCherry. Reference: Armenti ST, et al. Development. 2014 Dec;141(23):4640-7.
FT1523 C. elegans sec-5(xn51[sec-5::ZF1::YFP + LoxP::unc-119::LoxP]) II; unc-119(ed3) III. Show Description
sec-5(xn51 [sec-5::ZF1::YFP + LoxP::unc-119::LoxP]) II. Knock-in of ZF1::YFP and unc-119(+) into the sec-5 locus, so that endogenous sec-5 protein is subject to ZIF-dependent degradation. Expresses SEC-5::ZF1::YFP maternally and zygotically. Expression in many cells, including early embryos, epithelial cells, excretory cell, and germ line. unc-119 is present in reverse orientation within an intron of YFP. Reference: Armenti ST et al. Development. 2014 Dec;141(23):4640-7. doi: 10.1242/dev.115048. Epub 2014 Nov 5. PMID: 25377555.
FT1547 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs23; xnEx380. Show Description
xnIs23 [cdc-42p::ZF1::GFP::cdc-42 + unc-119(+)]. xnEx380 [hsp-16.41p::zif-1::SL2::mCherry + rol-6(su1006)]. Pick Rollers to maintain. ZF1::GFP::cdc-42 is expressed ubiquitously and enriched at the plasma membrane. Transgeneic cdc-42 is subject to ZIF-1 dependent degradation. In cells inheriting xnEx380, there is heatshock-dependent expression of ZIF-1 and mCherry. Reference: Armenti ST, et al. Development. 2014 Dec;141(23):4640-7.
FT1568 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs371; xnEx384. Show Description
xnIs371 [pie-1p::GFP::pac-1(1-574) + unc-119(+)]. xnEx384 [hsp16p::HA::phplc1(delta)1::hmr-1(ICD) + rol-6(su1006)]. Rollers. Rollers express HMR-1 intracellular domain pan-cortically in cells upon heat shock. Maintain at 15C or 20C to prevent leaky expression of heat shock transgene. Reference: Klompstra D, et al. Nat Cell Biol. 2015 Jun;17(6):726-35.
FT1569 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs371; xnEx385. Show Description
xnIs371 [pie-1p::GFP::pac-1(1-574) + unc-119(+)]. xnEx385 [hsp16p::HA::phplc1(delta)1::hmr-1(ICD-M) + rol-6(su1006)]. Rollers. Rollers express mutated HMR-1 intracellular domain (unable to bind catenins) pan-cortically in cells upon heat shock. Maintain at 15C or 20C to prevent leaky expression of heat shock transgene. Reference: Klompstra D, et al. Nat Cell Biol. 2015 Jun;17(6):726-35.
FT1609 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs528. Show Description
xnIs528 [hmp-1p::hmp-1::GFP + unc-119(+)]. HMP-1::GFP localized to cell contacts in early embryo and junctions in later stages. Reference: Klompstra D, et al. Nat Cell Biol. 2015 Jun;17(6):726-35.
FT17 C. elegans xnIs3 unc-119(ed3) III. Show Description
xnIs3[par-6:PAR-6::GFP + unc-119(+)]. Wild type worms. Express PAR-6::GFP in early embryos and epithelial cells.
FT183 C. elegans cdc-42(gk388) II; unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs78. Show Description
xnIs78 [cdc-42p::2xHA::cdc-42 + unc-119(+)]. Superficially wild-type. Reference: Anderson DC, et al. (2008) Science 320(5884):1771-4.
FT204 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs87. Show Description
xnIs87 [syn-4p::GFP::syn-4::syn-4 3'UTR + unc-119(+)].
FT250 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs96. Show Description
xnIs96 [pJN455(hmr-1p::hmr-1::GFP::unc-54 3'UTR) + unc-119(+)]. GFP starts in membranes at~100 cell stage, becomes bright apically in older embryos and larvae; most prominent in nerve ring in adults. Reference: Achilleos et al. (2010) Development 137(11):1833-42.
FT404 C. elegans ect-2(gk44) II; unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs162. Show Description
xnIs162 [ect-2::GFP + unc-119(+)]. Transgene rescues sterility of ect-2(gk44). Reference: Chan E & Nance J. J Cell Sci. 2013 Apr 1;126(Pt 7):1692-702.
FT422 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs178. Show Description
xnIs178 [mCherry::pac-1 + unc-119(+)]. Translational fusion to PAC-1. mCherry::PAC-1 is expressed in pharyngeal muscle cells (mostly apical, some basal), a few cells in the vulva, maternally in early embryos at cell contacts, and at adherens junctions in late embryogenesis. Maternal expression is difficult to detect by eye but visible with longer camera exposure. Reference: Anderson DC, et al. Science 2008: 320: 1771-1774.
FT575 C. elegans unc-119(ed3); xnIs243. Show Description
xnIs243 [picc-1p::picc-1::GFP + unc-119(+)]. Weak maternal expression visible at early embryo cell contacts. Stronger zygotic expression visible at junctions of epithelial cells. Transgene generated from a recombineered genomic fosmid clone. Reference: Zilberman, Y., J. Abrams, D.C. Anderson, and J. Nance. 2017. Cdc42 regulates junctional actin but not cell polarization in the Caenorhabditis elegans epidermis. J Cell Biol 216: 3729-3744.
FT741 C. elegans xnSi6 II; unc-119(ed3) III. Show Description
xnSi6 [mex-5p::hmr-1::GFP::hmr-1 3'UTR + unc-119(+)] II. HMR-1::GFP localized at cell contacts in early embryos and becomes enriched in PGCs. Reference: Chihara D & Nance J. Development. 2012 Jul;139(14):2547-56. Klompstra D, et al. Nat Cell Biol. 2015 Jun;17(6):726-35.
FT778 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs299. Show Description
xnIs299 [hmr-1p::hmr-1::mCherry + unc-119(+)]. Translational fusion to hmr-1. HMR-1::mCherry is visible in multiple tissues including pharynx, intestine, epidermis and gonad; also marks the adherens junctions in epithelia. No visible maternal expression. Reference: Zilberman Y, et al. 2017: J Cell Biol. (In press).
FT828 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs312. Show Description
xnIs312 [par-6p::par-6::mCherry + unc-119(+)]. Expresses par-6::mCherry maternally and zygotically. Expression is present in many cells, including early embryos, epithelial cells, the excretory cell, and the germ line. Reference: Armenti ST, Chan E, Nance J. Dev Biol. 2014 Aug 4. pii: S0012-1606(14)00355-8.
FT99 C. elegans pac-1(xn6) unc-119(ed3) III; xnIs27. Show Description
xnIs27 [pie-1p::GFP::pac-1 + unc-119(+)]. Maintain at 25C to slow silencing of transgene. xnIs27 rescues pac-1(xn6). GFP::PAC-1 localized at contacts in early embryos. Reference: Anderson DC, et al. Science. 2008 Jun 27;320(5884):1771-4. Klompstra D, et al. Nat Cell Biol. 2015 Jun;17(6):726-35.
GA905 C. elegans unc-119(ed3) III; pkIs1642. Show Description
pkIs1642 [sir-2.1(+) + unc-119(+)]. Derived by outcrossing NL3908 to HT1593 (six times). Reference: Burnett C, et al. Nature. 2011 Sep 21;477(7365):482-5.