This double mutant strain has a severely deformed tail tip and is intolerant of cold (will not grow then die at 15°C) and of dietary saturated fatty acids. Its cell membranes are rigid and rich in saturated fatty acids, and the strain has a small brood size, slow locomotion, permeable cells, autophagy defects as well as other phenotypes. References: Svensson E, et al. PLoS ONE 6(6):e21343. PMID: 21712952. Devkota R, et al. Genetics (in press). Volume 219, Issue 1, September 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyab093

This double mutant strain contains an excess polyunsaturated fatty acids in its cell membranes accompanied by excess lipid peroxidation, cell permeability, increased autophagy and other defects. The nhr-49(et8) C9873765T [WS200] mutation can be detected by PCR using the following primers: nhr-49 Fwd: 5’-CAGATTATGATTCGTGATGCTAGA-3; nhr-49 WT Rev: 5’-GAGATGAAAGATGTTGCTGTAGAG-3; nhr-49 Mut Rev: 5’-GAGATGAAAGATGTTGCTGTAGAA-3’. Annealing 65°C, expected products ~300 bp. The mdt-15(et14) C5832666T [WS200] mutation can be detected by PCR using the following primers: mdt-15(et14) Mut Fwd: 5’-GTGCCTCCAGATCCACAGCT-3’; mdt-15(et14) WT Fwd: 5’-GTGCCTCCAGATCCACAGCC-3’; mdt-15 Rev: 5’-CACCCATTGGAGCACCACT-3’. Annealing 65°C, expected product ~400 bp. Reference: Devkota R, et al. Genetics (in press). Volume 219, Issue 1, September 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyab093

This triple mutant strain contains an excess polyunsaturated fatty acids in its cell membranes accompanied by excess lipid peroxidation, cell permeability, increased autophagy and other defects. The acs-13(et54) mutation (G125R) can be detected using PCR with the following primers: WT FWD: 5´CTA CCA GGG TGT TCG CCA TG 3; acs-13 mutant FWD: 5´CTA CCA GGG TGT TCG CCA TA 3; acs-13 REV: 5´TCA AAC TTG GGC ATT GCT CC 3´. Annealing 65°C, expected product 395 bp. The nhr-49(et8) C9873765T [WS200] mutation can be detected by PCR using the following primers: nhr-49 Fwd: 5’-CAGATTATGATTCGTGATGCTAGA-3; nhr-49 WT Rev: 5’-GAGATGAAAGATGTTGCTGTAGAG-3; nhr-49 Mut Rev: 5’-GAGATGAAAGATGTTGCTGTAGAA-3’. Annealing 65°C, expected products ~300 bp. The mdt-15(et14) C5832666T [WS200] mutation can be detected by PCR using the following primers: mdt-15(et14) Mut Fwd: 5’-GTGCCTCCAGATCCACAGCT-3’; mdt-15(et14) WT Fwd: 5’-GTGCCTCCAGATCCACAGCC-3’; mdt-15 Rev: 5’-CACCCATTGGAGCACCACT-3’. Annealing 65°C, expected product ~400 bp. Reference: Devkota R, et al. Genetics (in press). Volume 219, Issue 1, September 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyab093

cuc-1 null mutant. Grows well on standard media but has a slightly reduced brood size and ~10% of gonad arms show a migration defect. Reference: Zhang X, et al. Biometals. 2020 Jun;33(2-3):147-157. doi: 10.1007/s10534-020-00239-z. PMID: 32506305.

Reduced brood size. cey-3(rrr11) was created using TALENs in the cey-2(ok902) mutant background to produce the double mutant. Reference: Arnold A, et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Dec 1;42(21):13353-69.

YY63D3A.10. Homozygous. Outer Left Sequence: AGGTGGAAGGGATGGCTATT. Outer Right Sequence: GCTTCCTTGACTCTCCGTTG. Inner Left Sequence: GAAATTTGCACTCCAGGGAA. Inner Right Sequence: TAGTCTGGAAGGAGCGCTGT. Inner Primer PCR Length: 3267 bp. NOTE: External left primer occurs twice in Y63D3A, once at coordinate 1234 and once at coordinate 3721, giving external WT products of 3493 and 1006 bp respectively. Shorter product is apparently preferred in PCR. Reactions on mutant template using ok2243_external primers thus primarily gives a product from EL(3721) and ER. Nested amplification on this product using ok2243_internal primers appears to give a product from EL(3721) (remaining primer from the external round passed to internal round by product transfer) and IR. Deletion Size: 219 bp. Deletion left flank: CCACTTCAGTCTTGATGCTGCGCTCGTGCC. Deletion right flank: TGTCACTAGCTCTATATTCAAGTCTCCTCG. Insertion Sequence: TTTTGTTCT. Attribution: This strain was provided by the C. elegans Reverse Genetics Core Facility at the University of British Columbia, which is part of the international C. elegans Gene Knockout Consortium, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use. Paper_evidence WBPaper00041807

C16C8.16. Homozygous. Outer Left Sequence: AAGACGACCACACTCTCGCT. Outer Right Sequence: ACACTGGGAAAAATGTTCGG. Inner Left Sequence: TGCCGATACTAAAGTTCCCG. Inner Right Sequence: GGACTACGGTAGGTGGCAGA. Inner Primer PCR Length: 3110 bp. Deletion Size: 1331 bp. Deletion left flank: ATTGTTCGAAAATTTGATGTCGGAATTGAA. Deletion right flank: GACTGTCAAAGCCGAGCTGAATGTGACGAA. Interpretation of sequence data is very speculative, and should be confirmed independently. Predominant band in PCR of mutants, about 600 bp, is probably not the full-length mutant product. Full-length mutant product is more likely a fainter band of about 1770 bp, which correlates well with deduced breakpoints and relative sizes of various bands produced by single-round amplification with external and internal primer pairs. Attribution: This strain was provided by the C. elegans Reverse Genetics Core Facility at the University of British Columbia, which is part of the international C. elegans Gene Knockout Consortium, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use. Paper_evidence WBPaper00041807

atrIs1 [ftt-2p::ftt-2::mCherry + unc-119(+)]. Line is slightly sick and burrows. FTT-2::mCherry fusion protein rescues ftt-2(tm1486) deletion mutant. Reference: Linden LM, et al. Dev Biol. 2017 Sep 1;429(1):271-284. PMID: 28648843

reSi7 [rgef-1p::TIR1::F2A::mTagBFP2::AID*::NLS::tbb-2 3'UTR] (I:-5.32). Neuronal-specific expression of TIR1 co-factor with N-terminal GFP::TEV::degran::FLAG tag inserted into endogenous unc-31 locus using CRISPR/Cas9 can be used for conditional depletion of UNC-31 in the nervous system. crRNA (TTTTCAGGAGGATCATGATT). Reference: Cornell R, et al. J Neurosci. 2022 Oct 26;JN-RM-1368-22. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1368-22.2022. PMID: 36302635. NOTE: PCR detection of reSi7 insert using the published primers has been reported to be defective. These primers designed by Sherlyn Wijaya and Claire Richardson to detect ttTi4338 (LG I) also work for reIs7: ttTi4338 (LG I) wrdSi23-F: cttcaaagaaatcgccgac wrdSi23-FP: AACAACGAGACCTACGTCG wrdSi23-R: Ctctaagatgtcggccac (wt ~300bp, mutant ~650bp).

mdEx790 [cho-1p(7.6kb)::cho-1::GFP + pha-1(+) + pBluescript]. CHO-1 translational fusion driven by 7.6 kb cho-1 promoter rescues cho-1 mutant behaviors, including reduced initial thrashing rate, fatigue, and synthetic interactions with pmt-2. Strong fluorescence in nerve ring, and ventral and dorsal nerve cords. Structure of the transgene is shown in Figure 1 of Mullen et al., 2007.

Indistinguishable from unc-17(e245) single mutants (small, slow-growing, coily uncoordinated, jerky going backward, aldicarb-resistant). For additional information, see descriptions of the RM908 unc-17(e245) IV and RM3671 sup-1(e995 e2636)) III single mutant strains. PCR methods for scoring e245, e995, and e2636 mutations in individual worms are presented in the Supporting Information File of Mathews et al., 2012. Derived by crossing RM908 (6x outcrossed) and RM3571 (6x outcrossed). Reference: Mathews EA, et al. Genetics. 2012 Dec;192(4):1315-25.

Almost full suppression of all unc-17 mutant phenotypes; animals are superficially wild type in appearance, development, and behavior, and males mate well. For additional information, see descriptions of the RM908 unc-17(e245) IV and the RM3659 snb-1(e1563) V single mutant strains. Reference: Sandoval GM, et al. Nat Neurosci. 2006 May;9(5):599-601.

Almost full suppression of all unc-17 mutant phenotypes; animals are superficially wild type in appearance, development, and behavior, and males mate well. For additional information, see descriptions of the RM908 unc-17(e245) IV and the RM3670 sup-1(e995) III single mutant strains. PCR methods for scoring e245 and e995 mutations in individual worms are presented in the Supporting Information File of Mathews et al., 2012. Reference: Mathews EA, et al. Genetics. 2012 Dec;192(4):1315-25.

Unc. Temperature-sensitive sterile. Maintain at 15C. NOTE: Lackenr & Kim (1998) incorrectly states that the ga111 mutant has a T to C transition. The transition is actually T to G giving rise to a Val148Gly substitution. Reference: Lackner MR & Kim SK. Genetics. 1998 Sep;150(1):103-17.

ebEx126 [YAC Y47H9 [spe-9(+)] + rol-6(su1006)]. Pick Rollers to maintain. eb19 is a spe-9 non-conditional mutant.

Heterozygotes are WT with major GFP signal in pharynx. Segregates Dpy GFP+ mIn1 homozygotes and GFP- Uncs which are viable but lay oocytes (lay viable embryos if mated to WT males). Strain has a Him phenotype. 3.4% males. Mutant males have abnormal sperm. Class 1 suppressor.

Heterozygotes are WT with major GFP signal in pharynx. Segregates Dpy GFP+ mIn1 homozygotes and GFP- Uncs which are viable but lay inviable embryos (lay viable embyros if mated to WT males). Strain has a Him phenotype. 0.4% males. Mutant males are fertile. Class 2 suppressor.

Most defects are similar to bar-1(ga80) single mutant animals [bar-1(ga80) hermaphrodites are usually Egl and often have a protruding vulva (Pvl), although approx. 40% of animals appear WT on plates. Also slightly Unc. In bar-1(ga80) hermaphrodites any of the six vulval precursor cells (P3.p - P8.p) can sometimes fuse with hyp7 without dividing, and P5.p - P7.p can adopt the tertiary cell fate instead of the primary or secondary fates. In addition, the neuroblast QL and its progeny migrate towards the anterior instead of the posterior, and the cell P12 usually adopts the fate of P11. bar-1(ga80) do mate, but poorly. bar-1 encodes a beta-catenin molecule and the ga80 mutation is predicted to cause an early truncation of the protein.] Increased severity of ray 1 displacement.

Dies at 15-20C with mostly dead embyros and a few dead larvae. Grows best at 24C. Survives at 25C, but worms look sick (often small and clear) and have very reduced brood sizes. [NOTE: The temperature-sensitive allele cc546 causes an M1957L change in SMG-1. The lesion is an atg>ttg transversion in exon 35. Flanking sequences follow with the mutation site indicated with a capital A: ttggtggtcggttacaaaacgatattcaaga tcactggcagtcatgagtAtggttggatcagttttaggactcggtgatcg acatttggacaatttattg The lesion is detectable via SNP-snip with the mutation causing loss of an MslI site. Primers are for a 323 bp product. Digest with MslI to 86+237 in the wild type, uncut as 323 in the mutant. DJR701(f): CAGTCGTGAGCTTTGGATGCGTGC DJR702(r): TCGGGGATACGCAGATTCTTTCCC. Pedone ... Reiner G3 (2021).]

Class I supersized lipid droplet mutant. Peroxisomal import defective. Homozygous viable. TGT-->TAT mutation, 5' flanking sequence acatttattctgttggacgt, 3' flanking sequence tattcaggagcacgcagtag .

Dye-filling mutant.

Dye-filling mutant.

Dye-filling mutant.

Dye-filling mutant.

Dye-filling mutant.

Hets are WT and segregate WT, paralysed DpyUnc and Sterile Unc-4's. spe-3 homozygotes lay self-fertilized eggs that do not hatch. Oocytes can be rescued by fertilization with mutant sperm from spe-3/+ males. Maintain by picking WT.

Temperature-sensitive. Maintain at 15C. The embryos from homozygous mutant mothers display defects in the unequal cell divisions of P2 and P3, defects in partitioning of germ granules during these divisions, and defects in formation of the germ-line precursor cell P4. The embryos that lack P4 develop into sterile adults. These defects are incompletely expressed and sensitive to temperature. Homozygous mothers produce about 10% sterile progeny at 16C and 70% sterile progeny at 25C. The temperature-sensitive period is early in embryogenesis, from fertilization to about the 28-cell stage. See also WBPaper00002282.

Heterozygotes are WT and segregate WT, DpyUnc and Uncs which give sterile progeny (maternal effect sterile: the progeny from mutant mothers are sterile). The mutation is a strict mel, fully penetrant, and fully expressed. Sterility is due to a failure in germ-cell proliferation.

Homozygous sterile double mutant balanced by bli-4- and GFP-marked translocation. Heterozygotes are wild-type with pharyngeal GFP signal, and segregate wild-type GFP heterozygotes, arrested hT2 aneuploids, and non-GFP ok1627 homozygotes. Homozygous hT2[bli-4 let-? qIs48] inviable. Pick wild-type GFP and check for correct segregation of progeny to maintain. rpa-4(iow24) deletion generated by CRISPR/Cas9 in the rpa-2(ok1627) mutant background. Reference: Hefel et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Jan 21;gkaa1293. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1293.

heSi 143 [rps-27::loxP::mCherry::let-858::fzr-1p::fzr-1::fzr-1 UTR::loxP::GFP::let-858 UTR + unc-119(+)] IV. heSi141 [hlh-8(short)::FLAG::CRE::tbb-2 + unc-119(+)] X. Maintain at 15-25C. Expression of CRE recombinase in the mesoblast lineage driven by the hlh-8 promoter. heSi143 rescues fzr-1(ku298). fzr-1 will be excised upon mesoblast-specific expression of CRE, creating a mesoblast specific mutant of fzr-1. This recombination event can be visualized by a switch from red to green in those cells (the mesoblast) were fzr-1 is lost. Reference: Ruijtenberg S & van den Heuvel S. Cell. 2015 Jul 16;162(2):300-13.

heIs105 [rps-27::loxP::NLS::mCherry::let858 UTR::loxP::NLS::GFP::let-858 UTR + unc-119(+)] IV. heSi164 [rps-27::loxN::NLS::mCherry::let858 UTR::swsn-1p::swsn-1::unc-54 UTR::loxN::NLS::GFP::let-858 UTR + unc-119(+)] V. heSi141 [hlh-8(short)::FLAG::CRE::tbb-2 + unc-119(+)] X. Maintain the line at 15C and shift to 25C for mutant analysis. Expression of CRE recombinase in the mesoblast lineage driven by the hlh-8 promoter. heSi164 carries a swsn-1 rescue construct which ensures rescue of the temperature-sensitive swsn-1(os22) mutation. Upon expression of CRE (in this case in the mesoblast lineage) the swsn-1 gene will be excised, creating a mesoblast specific mutant of swsn-1. This recombination event can be visualized by a switch from red to green in those mesoblast cells in which swsn-1 was lost. The animals are healthy at 15C, but embryonic lethal and larval arrested at 23-25C. swsn-1(os22) causes mild overproliferation in the mesoblast lineage. The swsn-1 rescuing transgene is unable to rescue germline development of swsn-1(os22) mutants. Reference: Ruijtenberg S & van den Heuvel S. Cell. 2015 Jul 16;162(2):300-13.

maIs103[rnr::GFP unc-36(+)]. Heterozygotes produce 1/4 thin, sterile, uncoordinated animals that fail to undergo postembryonic somatic cell divisions. rnr::GFP is expressed during S-phase in heterozygous animals. rnr::GFP expression is not detected in heDf1 animals. Although the map position of maIs103 has not been determined conclusively, maIs103 genetically behaves linked to cdk-4. Maintain by picking several single animals and scoring for 1/4 mutant progeny.

maIs103[rnr::GFP unc-36(+)] X. Heterozygotes produce 1/4 thin, sterile, uncoordinated animals that fail to undergo postembryonic somatic cell divisions. rnr::GFP is expressed during S-phase in heterozygous animals. rnr::GFP expression is not detected in heDf1 animals. Although the map position of maIs103 has not been determined conclusively, maIs103 genetically behaves linked to cdk-4. Maintain by picking several single animals and scoring for 1/4 mutant progeny.

maIs103[rnr::GFP unc-36(+)] X. The heDf1 deletion includes cdk-4. Heterozygotes produce 1/4 thin, sterile, uncoordinated animals that fail to undergo postembryonic somatic cell divisions. heDf1 mutants are of L1 size, smaller than cdk-4 mutants. lon-2 and unc-9 do not exactly balance heDf1, but unc-9 is pretty close. It should also be possible to follow the heterozygotes by looking at the GFP. Despite trying, unable to separate the maIs integration from heDf1 or the other cdk-4 alleles. By maintaining animals with GFP (visible especially in early animals and in eggs) you should be able to maintain heDf1. rnr::GFP is expressed during S-phase in heterozygous animals. rnr::GFP expression is not detected in heDf1 animals. maIs103 is tightly linked to heDf1. Maintain by picking several single animals and scoring for 1/4 mutant progeny.

piRNA biogenesis mutant. Reduced brood size. Maintain at 20C. Reference: Weick EM, et al. Genes Dev. 2014 Apr 1;28(7):783-96.

piRNA biogenesis mutant. Reduced brood size. Maintain at 20C. Reference: Weick EM, et al. Genes Dev. 2014 Apr 1;28(7):783-96.

mjIs588 [mex-5p::GFP::his-58::21UR-1target::tbb-2 3'UTR + unc-119(+)] II. mjIs588 was derived by removing introns 2 and 3 from the construct used to generate the mjIs144 transgene. Single copy inserted into ttTi5605 (MosSCI). Superficially wild-type. mjIs588 GFP is silenced in wild-type animals and de-silenced in hrde-1 mutant animals. Reference: Akay A, et al. Dev Cell. 2017 Aug 7;42(3):241-255.e6.

dxbp-1(az121) is a K23N mutation that promotes usage of introns starting in UU when the sequence GUU is present at the 5' end of the intron. az121 was initially identified as able to suppress uncoordination of unc-73(e936) by promoting a cryptic splice site that defines an intron beginning UU. smg-4 mutant background allows for high throughput sequencing to identify frame shifted transcripts since it can move the 5'ss over by 1nt. e936az30 has no phenotype on its own, but it offers two adjacent cryptic 5'ss separated by 1nt. Reference: Suzuki JMNGL, et al. PLoS Genet. 2022 Feb 10;18(2):e1010028. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010028. PMID: 35143478.

Y54G9A.6. Nonsense C to T transition. IR sensitive. To genotype: WT left mismatch primer: GAAACAGGCAACGGAACAC; mutant left mismatch primer: GAAACAGGCAACGGAAACT; right mismatch primer: CTCTTCATCATCTCCTCTCC. WT and mutant amplicon: 407 bp. Reference: Bertolini S, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2017 Dec 4;7(12):3875-3885.

Y54G9A.6. IR sensitive. To genotype: External left primer: GTCCCGTTTCCCCCATTTG. External right primer: CTCTTCATCATCTCCTCTCC. Internal right primer: CTCCTCCGAACGCTACTT. External WT amplicon: 1970 bp. External mutant amplicon: 1635 bp. Internal WT amplicon: 1534 bp. Reference: Bertolini S, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2017 Dec 4;7(12):3875-3885. Kim T, et al. J Cell Biol. 2015 May 25;209(4):507-17.

ZC328.4. IR sensitive. External left primer: AACAAGAAGGGGAAGAAAGA. External right primer: TGTCTCATCGAAATCCAACT. Internal Left Sequence: AGGAAGAAACGAGAAAAGCA. External WT amplicon: 1420 bp. External mutant amplicon: 428 bp. Internal WT amplicon: 720 bp. Reference: Bertolini S, et al. G3 (Bethesda). 2017 Dec 4;7(12):3875-3885.

zdIs5 [mec-4p::GFP + lin-15(+)] I. cy14 was isolated in a screen for suppressors of the AVM axon ventral guidance defect of slt-1 null mutant. cy14 is a G-to-A transition in the splice acceptor of intron 5 of clr-1 that leads to the use of a cryptic splice acceptor and consequently to an 18 bp deletion in exon 6.

The hab-1(cn308) mutant is slowly habituated and rapidly recovered from habituation when given repetitive mechanical stimuli.

WT. Deletion mutant in T20B3.7. Deletion is 1241 bp (T20B3 25891-27132). phy-3.

Dominant mutant phenotypes: Unc, Mec, Tab, Deg (late embryogenesis to L4). u662 was derived from DnT1 by recombination between the dominant Unc mutation and the recessive Lethal mutation. The dominant Unc mutation is what has been retained in this strain. This Unc mutation has been called unc-?(n754) in DnT1 strains. It is likely that unc-?(n754) and deg-3(u662) are the same mutation.

wyIs581 [ser-2(prom3)::myr::mCherry + odr-1p::GFP] IV. wyIs910 [ser-2(prom3)::FLP + unc-122p::BFP] X. dyn-1(wy1150) is a CRISPR-engineered point mutation creating a temperature-sensitive dynamin mutant. FLPon::GFP tag inserted into endogenous dma-1 locus. Reference: Eichel K, et al. Nature. 2022 Sep;609(7925):128-135. PMID: 35978188.

Double mutant with loss of function in both CREB genes. Derived by crossing parental strains YT17 crh-1(tz2) and VC3149 crh-2(gk3293). Reference: Merritt DM, et al. A Novel Memory Type in C. elegans Exhibits Post-Training Consolidation. bioRxiv 2023.02.22.529281. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.22.529281.

D1022.7. Superficially wild type. Note: PCR on homozygotes occasionally produces a band near the predicted WT size, but always in addition to the mutant band. Repeated random PCR on singles indicates that the line is truly homozygous. Attribution: This strain was provided by the C. elegans Reverse Genetics Core Facility at the University of British Columbia, which is part of the international C. elegans Gene Knockout Consortium, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use. Paper_evidence WBPaper00041807

H13N06.5. Heterozygotes are WT and segregate WT, arrested szT1 aneuploids, lon-2 males, and gk256 homozygotes (arrest stage/phenotype uncertain). Mutant homozygotes may be viable, Dpyish animals with small broods of slow-growing, Unc progeny, but this has not been confirmed. WT length males are also segregated, and these may be mutant hemizygotes. Pick WT and check for correct segregation of progeny to maintain. Attribution: This strain was provided by the C. elegans Reverse Genetics Core Facility at the University of British Columbia, which is part of the International C. elegans Gene Knockout Consortium, which should be acknowledged in any publications resulting from its use. Paper_evidence WBPaper00041807

lin-14(n179) is temperature-sensitive. lin-4; lin-14 double mutant may be maintained at 20C.