zfIs18 [mec-4p::ChR2::YFP]. zfIs42 [rig-3p::GCaMP3::SL2::mCherry]. Pick mCherry+ animals to maintain strong expression from zfIs42. Worm expresses light-sensitive Channelrhodopsin (ChR2) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in mechanosensory neurons, ALMR/L, AVM, PLML/R, and PVM. When fed all-trans retinal, blue light stimulation (473 nm at 2 mW * mm^-2) of head induces reversals. GCaMP3 and and mCherry expression in command interneurons AVA, and nearby pharyngeal neurons I1, I4, M4, NSM. Worms were made by crossing the integrated strains QW309 and QW625. Reference: Shipley FB, et al. Front Neural Circuits. 2014 Mar 24;8:28.

wtfEx496 [pAS3-rig-3p::AI::gur-3G::SL2::tagRFP::unc-54 3'UTR + pAS3-rig-3p::AI::prdx-2G::SL2::tagBFP::unc-54 3'UTR]. Pick animals either BFP or RFP expression in head neurons to maintain. Keep plates covered to avoid unnecessary exposure to light. This strain expresses a purple light-sensitive optogenetic protein system (i.e., GUR-3 and PRDX-2) alongside fluorescent proteins tagBFP and tagRFP in command interneurons AVA, and nearby pharyngeal neurons I1, I4, M4, NSM using rig-3 promoter. Worms exhibit higher reversal rate on exposing to blue light (peak value ~470) compared to controls. Reference: Randi F, et al. Nature 2023 Nov;623(7986):406-414. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06683-4. PMID: 37914938.

dbEx719 [npr-5::mCherry + unc-122p::GFP]. Pick GFP+ to maintain. mCherry expression in a subset of amphid neurons (ADF, ASE, ASG, ASI, ASJ, ASK, AWA, AWB), in the inner labial neuron IL2, in the interneurons AIA and AUA, and in the phasmids (PHA, PHB). Expression was also seen in head, neck, and body wall muscles. Reference: Cohen M, et al. 2009 Cell Metabolism 9: 375-385.

Superficially wild-type. Referred to as MP3-His. Strain can be used to biotinylated carboxylases from worm extracts. AX7884 obtained by crossing parental strains PHX1772 pod-2(syb1772[pod-2::His10]) II, PHX1666 mccc-1(syb1666[mccc-1::His10]) IV, PHX1680 pyc-1(syb1680[pyc-1::His10]) V and PHX1626 pcca-1(syb1626[pcca-1::His10]) X to obtain the quadruple His10-tagged strain. The 5xGlycine(G-linker)-His10 tag is a 45 bp sequence (GGAGGAGGAGGAGGACACCATCACCATCACCACCACCACCACCAC) encoding five glycine as a linker and ten histidine residues was knocked in at the C terminus-just upstream of the termination codon-of each of the four carboxylases. Reference: Artan M, et al. J Biol Chem. 2022 Aug 3:102343. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102343. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35933017.

qpIs11 [vha-1p::GFP + unc-119(+)] I. Strong expression of GFP in the cytoplasm of the excretory canal cell (exc) and slightly less strong expression in the head mesodermal cell (hmc). Reference: Mattingly BC & Buechner M. Dev Biol. 2011 Nov 1;359(1):59-72.

hyEx167 [4.5kb aff-1p::GFP transcriptional fusion + rol-6(su1006)]. Shows cytoplasmic GFP expression in embryonic hyp5. In L1 hermaphrodite larva, aff-1::GFP is expressed in pharyngeal muscle 3 and 5, in sheath cells of chemosensory neurons, and in tail neurons. In L3 hermaphrodites, the transgene is expressed in the anchor cell; this expression proceeds in L4 along with expression in the utse cells, the seam cells and cells of vulval rings A and D. In adults, aff-1::GFP is expressed in the sheath cells of chemosensory neurons and in head interneurons, uterus toroids 2 and 4, in the vulva VulD, utse, and seam cells. Worms of hyEx167 are slightly Egl. Maintain by picking Rollers.

Maintain by picking Lon non-Unc. Throws Lon non-Unc, Lon Unc Vab (bent head, tails very thin), and Lon Unc Mel (kinker, temperature-sterile).

Head-bending phenotype. Maintain under normal conditions. Reference: Kim, H et al. (2009) PLoS Genetics 5(12):31000780.

Head-bending phenotype. Maintain under normal conditions. Reference: Kim, H et al. (2004) Nature 430:891-6.

Head-bending phenotype. Maintain under normal conditions. Reference: Kim, H et al. (2004) Nature 430:891-6.

Head-bending phenotype. Maintain under normal conditions. Reference: Kim, H et al. (2009) PLoS Genetics 5(12):31000780.

Dauer defective. Notched head. Unlinked double. M-MATING-NO SUCCESS.

Head abnormal. Movement almost wild-type.

Very sluggish as L1, moves better as adult. Weak kinker. Head region stiff. Moves better in reverse, fairly active. Levamisole resistant.

Notched head. M-MATING++++ >30%WT.

Chemotaxis abnormal. Rounded head.

Notched head. Penetrance <70%.

Unc. Head muscles degenerative. Recessive. M-MATING+POOR <1%WT.

Short, blunt head. Dominant.

Head abnormal. Variable expression. M-MATING+++ 10-30%WT.

Notched head. Recessive. 100% Penetrance. Male spicules abnormal. M-MATING-NO SUCCESS. See also WBPaper00002236.

Most L1 larvae are deformed with irregular shapes. Older larvae and adults exhibit variably bent-head. Resembles spon-1(e2623) II. Homozygous viable, but inviable as hemizygotes (e1210/maDf2). Reference: Hodgkin (unpublished).

Notched head. Roller. Variably DpyRoller. Tail abnormalities. M-MATING++ 1-10%WT.

Head abnormal-bent. Variable penetrance. Other abnormalities.

Dpyish. Head abnormal. Lethal hemizygous.

M-MATING+POOR <1%WT. Adult blistered, especially head.

Notched head. Tail abnormalities. Variable expression. Incomplete penetrance. Especially seen in L1. M-MATING++++ >30%WT. See also WBPaper00003843 and WBPaper00003865. Previously called efn-1(e96).

eGFP tag inserted into the endogenous nfki-1 locus. eGFP::NFKI-1 signal is observed in diverse neurons in the animals' head and tail throughout post-embryonic development. No obvious phenotype. Reference: Brena D, et al. Sci Rep. 2020 Sep 30;10(1):16153.

P9.p and P10.p fail to fuse with hyp7 during L1 in hermaphrodites. Misshapen head (low penetrance) most visible in L1. Ectopic postdeirid generated by V6 (low penetrance).

muIs84 [(pAD76) sod-3p::GFP + rol-6(su1006)]. Green expression in head, tail and around vulva. Many animals roll weakly or not at all, but still express GFP. Grows at all temperatures.

muIs84 [(pAD76) sod-3p::GFP + rol-6(su1006)]. Green expression in head, tail and around vulva. Daf-C at 25C. Grows well at 20C.

muIs84 [(pAD76) sod-3p::GFP + rol-6(su1006)]. Dim green expression in head, tail and around vulva. Daf-d. Can grow at 20C.

muEx248 [(pNL209) daf-16::GFP::daf-16(cDNA) + podr-1::RFP]. Pick green (body) / red (head neurons) animals. Transmission efficiency ~50%. Can be grown at 20C with some sterility (30-50%). The higher the temperture, the greater the sterility.

muIs84 [(pAD76) sod-3p::GFP + rol-6(su1006)]. Green expression in head, tail and around vulva.

twnEx185 [mec-7p::MTS::roGFP + mec-7p::TOMM20::mCherry + ttx-3p::GFP]. Pick animals with GFP expression in head neurons (AIY) to maintain. roGFP can be used to monitor redox status of the mitochondrial matrix in the six touch receptor neurons: the oxidation-reduction status of mitochondrial matrix can be monitored with roGFP, a GFP variant that increases brightness in a more oxidized environment. The mitochondrial outer membrane in these neurons are marked by mCherry. Reference: Jiang HC, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015 Jul 14;112(28):8768-73. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1501831112. PMID: 26124107. [NOTE: twnEx185 is incorrectly described as carrying myo-2p::GFP in the reference publication. The correct co-injection marker is ttx-3::GFP.]

sax-3 mutants have an anteriorly-displaced nerve ring, defects in axon guidance to the ventral midline, and extra axon crossing at the ventral midline. There are also defects in CAN and HSN cell migration, a notched head and an Egl phenotype. This allele is 80% lethal in embryonic stages. Do not distribute this strain; other labs should request it from the CGC. This strain cannot be distributed to commercial organizations. This strain cannot be used for any commercial purpose or for work on human subjects.

Coily movement; aberrent head movement. The AWB neurons are transformed towards the AWC neuron fate by many criteria.

juIs109 [efn-4::GFP + lin-15(+)] X. Superficailly wild-type. GFP expression detected under high power in a subset of head neurons, primary vulval cells, and a pair of pharyngeal neurons. Reference: Chin-Sang ID, et al. Development. 2002 Dec;129(23):5499-510.

Vab. Notched Head. Distal tip cell Mig. Male tail ray and spicule defects. Males do not mate. About 50% larval lethality. H and B cell lineage defects. Received new stock Jan. 2006.

Abnormal head morphology, slightly temperature sensitive. Maintain under normal conditions. Reference: Tong A, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 3;106(5):1457-61.

Incompletely penetrant embryonic lethal at three-fold. Mild Mua. Abberant head epidermal morphology. PKA vab-21.

Maintain under normal conditions. Weak bent head. Reference: Woo WM, et al. Development. 2008 Aug;135(16):2747-56.

Bah (biofilm absent on head - resistant to attachment of Yersinia sp. biofilms). Fragile cuticle (mild): increased sensitivity to alkaline-hypochlorite.

Bah (biofilm absent on head - resistant to attachment of Yersinia sp. biofilms). Fragile cuticle (mild): increased sensitivity to alkaline-hypochlorite.

Bah (biofilm absent on head - resistant to attachment of Yersinia sp. biofilms). Cld: constitutive larval display of epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody M37.

Superficially wild-type. Temperature-sensistive. Maintain at 15C. hsp-1(ra807) is a missense allele that replaces the conserved Ala379 residue to a Val residue in the ATPase domain of the HSP-1 protein and fully suppresses the bent-head phenotype of unc-23(e25). Animals are sterile or arrest development as larvae at when grown at 20-25C. Reference: Rahmani P, Rogalski T, Moerman DG. (2015) Worm. In press.

Dpy. hsp-1(ra807) is a missense allele that replaces the conserved Ala379 residue to a Val residue in the ATPase domain of the HSP-1 protein and fully suppresses the bent-head phenotype of unc-23(e25). Reference: Rahmani P, Rogalski T, Moerman DG. (2015) Worm. In press.

eeEx106 [hil-1::GFP + rol-6(su1006)]. GFP expression in body wall muscles, in the vulva sex muscles, in the marginal cells of the pharynx, in a limited number of head neurons, in the cytoplasm of excretory cells. The expression starts in the about 100-cell embryo in a few cells in the periphery in the nucleoplasm and in the nucleoli. Complex extrachromosomal arrary....pick Rollers. About 20% Rollers.

WT strain. Isolated by D. Fitch in June 1990 from soil in Scott Emmons' compost heap in the Fort Greene section of Brooklyn, NY. A second strain, DF5038, was isolated from the same location one year later from the head and ventral segments of a male pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare). Hermaphroditic. Males are easily isolated by heat shocking L4 or early adult hermaphrodites at 30C for 6-12 hrs. Grows well at 6-25C on OP50. Dauer larvae accumulate under starved or overcrowded conditions. Freezes easily using C. elegans protocols with 90% viability. Previously called Rhabditis sp. See also WBPaper00003418. Formerly known as Oscheius myriophila.

bxIs13 [egl-5::GFP + lin-15(+)]. Him. egl-5::GFP reporter made from EM#286 (GFP inserted within the last few amino acids of the C-terminus) by integrating bxEx30 in EM588. High nuclear expression of transgene in males (good in seam cells, none in rectal epithelium), weak expression in hermaphrodites. Expression in 2-4 head neurons in males and hermaphrodites. egl-5 gene on reporter does not rescue egl-5(-).