hpIs365 [unc-25p::GCaMP3::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. RFP expression in motor neurons. Reference: Lu Y, et al. 2022. Current Biology (In Press).

hpIs371 [unc-4p::tomm20::miniSOG::SL2::RFP + lin-15(+)]. MiniSOG neuron ablation marker for A-class (A-MNs) and other motor neurons. Reference: Gao S, et al. eLife 2018 Jan 23;7:e29915. PMID: 29360035

hpIs376 [unc-25p::tomm20::miniSOG::SL2::RFP]. Maintain in the covered box to avoid unnecessary exposure to ambient light. Stimulation with blue light (460 nm LED light for 30 min at 4 Hz with 2 mW/mm2), induces mitochondrial-miniSOG ablation of D-class motor neurons. During neuron ablation, it is recommended to keep the lid of the plate open and use a heat disipator to keep the air cool. Generated in N2 background. Reference: Gao S, et al. eLife 2018 Jan 23;7:e29915. doi: 10.7554/eLife.29915.

hpIs166 [glr-1p::chop-2(H134R)::YFP + lin-15(+)]. YFP expression in glr-1 interneurons. hpEx3239 [lgc-55p::nca-1::GFP + nmr-1p::ATG::nca-1 + nca-1::GFP + myo-2p::RFP]. Pick RFP+ to maintain. Reference: Gao S, et al. 2015 Nature Communications 6, Article number: 6323.

Temperature-sensitive Daf-c. Maintain at 15C. hpDf761 removes ins-4, ins-5, and ins-6. Reference: Hung WL, et al. Development. 2014 Apr;141(8):1767-79.

Stiff backing. Presumptive null. This strain carries two CRISPR-engineered deletions to ensure complete knockout of ubr-1 function. hp821 is a deletion in the 5 ' end of ubr-1 and hp833 is a deletion near the 3' end of the gene. Reference: Chiturri J, et al. PLoS Genet. 2018 Apr 12;14(4):e1007303. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007303. eCollection 2018 Apr. PMID: 29649217.

hp684(Q1864X) mutant animals generate reversal movement with little flexing of the posterior body, and the stiffness is prominent during prolonged reversals. This phenotype is progressive, and most prominent when animals develop from the L4 stage larvae into adults. Reference: Chitturi JH, et al. PLoS Genetics. 2018;14(4):e1007303.

hpIs459 [unc-4p::GCaMP3::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. Strong GCaMP3 and wCherry expression in A-class motor neurons, as well as some head and tail neurons. It is recommended to use L4 stage animals when using this strain for calcium imaging and recording. Transgene expression becomes dimmer in many A-class neurons (except DA9), and is expression in VC neurons of adults. Reference: Gao S, et al. eLife, 7, e29915. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.29915 PMID: 29360035

hpEx2906 [myo-2p::RFP + rgef-1p::daf-2]. Transgenic worms dauer easily. Pick RFP+ animals to maintain. [NOTE: (07-14-2015) The genotype of this strain was incorrectly reported as daf-2(e1370), but is in fact daf-2(m596).] References: Hung W, et al. EMBO J. 2013 Jun 12;32(12):1745-60. Hung W, et al. Development. 2014 Apr;141(8):1767-79.

hpEx3369 [myo-2p::RFP + ges-1p(short)::daf-2]. Transgenic worms do not dauer. Pick RFP+ animals to maintain. [NOTE: (07-14-2015) The genotype of this strain was incorrectly reported as daf-2(e1370), but is in fact daf-2(m596).] References: Hung W, et al. EMBO J. 2013 Jun 12;32(12):1745-60. Hung W, et al. Development. 2014 Apr;141(8):1767-79.

hpIs372 [acr-5p::miniSOG::SL2::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. hpIs365 [unc-25p::GCaMP3::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. Red fluorescence in motor neurons. Reference: Lu Y, et al. 2022. Current Biology (In Press).

hpIs371 [unc-4p::miniSOG::SL2::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. hpIs365 [unc-25p::GCaMP3::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. Red fluorescence in motor neurons. Reference: Lu Y, et al. 2022. Current Biology (In Press).

hpEx3371 [rgef-1p::GFP::daf-16a::unc-54 3' UTR + myo-2p::mCherry]. Pick RFP+ and keep at 15C to maintain. Can be kept at 20C, but some animals will form dauers. Transgenic animals have GFP in gut and RFP in pharynx and will form dauers at 25C. Non-transgenic animals are dauer-defective (Daf-d). Reference: Hung WL. et al., Development (2014) 141 (8): 1767–1779.

hpIs569 [unc-4::Chrimson::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. Marker for optogenetic stimulation in A-class (A-MNs) and other motor neurons. Reference: Gao S, et al. eLife 2018 Jan 23;7:e29915. PMID: 29360035

Sluggish, flat, slightly sterile. Derived by out-crossing parental strain VC1957. Reference: Lim MA, et al. Elife. 2016 Nov 18;5:e19887. doi: 10.7554/eLife.19887. PMID: 27855782

hpEx2908 [myo-2p::RFP + dpy-30p::daf-2]. Transgenic worms do not dauer. Pick RFP+ animals to maintain. [NOTE: (07-14-2015) The genotype of this strain was incorrectly reported as daf-2(e1370), but is in fact daf-2(m596).] References: Hung W, et al. EMBO J. 2013 Jun 12;32(12):1745-60. Hung W, et al. Development. 2014 Apr;141(8):1767-79.

hpEx2905 [myo-2p::RFP + myo-3p::daf-2]. Pick RFP+ to maintain. Maintain at 15C. Temperature sensitive dauer constitutive. [NOTE: (07-14-2015) The genotype of this strain was incorrectly reported as daf-2(e1370), but is in fact daf-2(m596).] References: Hung W, et al. EMBO J. 2013 Jun 12;32(12):1745-60. Hung W, et al. Development. 2014 Apr;141(8):1767-79.

Hyperactive. Frequent alternation between forward and backward locomotion (shuttling). hp647 is a is a gain-of-function mutation identified as a suppressor of the 'fainter' motor defects of unc-80(e1069) mutants. Reference: Gao S, Elife. 2018 Jan 23:7:e29915. doi: 10.7554/eLife.29915. PMID: 29360035.

hpIs587 [flp-14p::GCaMP6::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. CGaMP6 and wCherry expressed in RID, ALA, some head neurons, a mid-body neuron and a tail neuron. Reference: Lim et al., 2016. Elife 5. pii: e19887. doi: 10.7554/eLife.19887.

hpIs590 [ttr-39p::tomm20::miniSOG::SL2::BFP]. Maintain in the covered box to avoid unnecessary exposure to ambient light. Stimulation with blue light (460 nm LED light for 30 min at 4 Hz with 2 mW/mm2), induces mitochondrial-miniSOG ablation of D-class motor neurons. Generated in N2 background. Reference: Gao S, et al. eLife 2018 Jan 23;7:e29915. doi: 10.7554/eLife.29915.

hpIs595 [acr-2(s)p::GCaMP6s::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. Red fluorescence in motor neurons. Reference: Lu Y, et al. 2022. Current Biology (In Press).

ljIs131 [myo-3p::GCaMP3::UrSL2::tagRFP-T]. Shrinker. Reference: Lu Y, et al. 2022. Current Biology (In Press).

hpIs625 [ttr-39p::Arch::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. ljIs131 [myo-3p::GCaMP3::UrSL2::tagRFP-T]. Reference: Lu Y, et al. 2022. Current Biology (In Press).

zxIs6 [unc-17p::ChR2::YFP + lin-15(+)]. ljIs131 [myo-3p::GCaMP3::UrSL2::tagRFP-T]. Body contracts and coils dorsally upon blue light illumination on ATR plates. Reference: Lu Y, et al. 2022. Current Biology (In Press).

hpEx3370 [dpy-30p::daf-16a::unc-54 3' UTR + myo-2p::mCherry]. Pick RFP+ and keep at 15C to maintain. Can be kept at 20C, but some animals will form dauers. Transgenic strain expressing DAF-16A isoform from pan-tissue dpy-30 promoter. Transgenic animals have RFP in pharynx and will form dauers at 25C. Non-transgenic animals are dauer-defective (Daf-d). Reference: Hung WL. et al., Development (2014) 141 (8): 1767–1779.

hpEx3373 [ges-1p::GFP::daf-16a::unc-54 3' UTR + myo-2p::mCherry]. Pick RFP+ and keep at 15C to maintain. Can be kept at 20C, but some animals will form dauers. Transgenic animals have GFP in gut and RFP in pharynx and will form dauers at 25C. Non-transgenic animals will not form dauers. Reference: Hung WL. et al., Development (2014) 141 (8): 1767–1779.

hpEx3507 [ges-1p::GFP::daf-16d/f::unc-54 3' UTR + myo-2p::mCherry]. Pick RFP+ and keep at 15C to maintain. Can be kept at 20C, but some animals will form dauers. Transgenic animals have GFP in gut and RFP in pharynx and will form dauers at 25C. Non-transgenic animals will not form dauers. Reference: Hung WL. et al., Development (2014) 141 (8): 1767–1779.

hpEx3508 [ges-1p::daf-16a,d&f + myo-2p::RFP]. Pick RFP+ and keep at 15C to maintain. Can be kept at 20C, but some animals will form dauers. ges-1 promoter drives expression DAF-16A,D&F transgene in intestine. Transgenic animals have RFP in pharynx and will form dauers at 25C. Non-transgenic animals are dauer-defective (Daf-d). Reference: Hung WL. et al., Development (2014) 141 (8): 1767–1779.

hpSi38 [flp-14(+) + NeoR]. hpIs201[ceh-10p::GFP + lin-15(+)]. GFP expression in RID neuron. Neomycin-resistant. hpSi38 is a single copy miniMos insertion a wild-type genomic fragment containing flp-14 and fully rescues the flp-14 mutant behavioral defects and RID axon defects. Reference: Lim MA, et al. Elife. 2016 Nov 18;5:e19887. doi: 10.7554/eLife.19887. PMID: 27855782

hpIs593 [ttr-39p::Chrimson::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. ljIs131 [myo-3p::GCaMP3::UrSL2::tagRFP-T]. D motor neuron activation and muscle relaxation upon illumination with green light. Muscle activity measured by GCaMP3. Reference: Lu Y, et al. 2022. Current Biology (In Press).

zxIs6 [unc-17p::ChR2::YFP + lin-15(+)]. ljIs131 [myo-3p::GCaMP3::UrSL2::tagRFP-T]. Shrinker. Cholinergic activation. Reference: Lu Y, et al. 2022. Current Biology (In Press).

hpIs675 [rgef-1p::GCaMP6s::3xNLS::mNeptune + lin-15(+)]. Worms express GCaMP6s and mNeptune in all neuronal nuclei. Pan-neuronal imaging strain; suitable for rapid whole-brain imaging due to brightness, good signal to noise ratio, and relative resistance to photo-bleaching. Reference: Susoy V, et al. Cell. 2021 Sep 30;184(20):5122-5137.e17. PMID: 34534446

hpIs673 [rgef-1p::Chrimson::UrSL2::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. ljIs131 [myo-3p::GCaMP3::UrSL2::tagRFP-T]. All neurons are marked with red fluorescence. Pan-neuronal activation and muscle contraction upon green light illumination with ATR. Reference: Lu Y, et al. 2022. Current Biology (In Press).

hpIs673 [rgef-1p::Chrimson::UrSL2::wCherry + lin-15(+)]. ljIs131 [myo-3p::GCaMP3::UrSL2::tagRFP-T]. Shrinker. All neurons are marked with red fluorescence. Pan-neuronal activation and muscle contraction upon green light illumination with ATR. Reference: Lu Y, et al. 2022. Current Biology (In Press).

648 bp deletion (confirmed). About 80% of animals show defects in vulval development (Muv or Vul).

Gonadal enlargement and aberrant gonad migration. Phenotype evident at 25C.

Heterozygotes are WT. drh-3 homozygotes are sterile. the fj52 mutation deletes a 405 bp region including the promoter, the first exon and half of the second exon. The deletion can be checked by PCR with the following primers: TTTATTGATTCCGCCGTTGCTC and TGCAGCTCCAGCCACTCTATCA. The fj52 mutation was isolated from a deletion mutant libray of the K. Nishiwaki group. Homozygous hT2[bli-4 let-? qIs48] inviable.

fjSi3 [HA_2×FLAG::C04F12.1 + Cbr-unc-119(+)] II. Single-copy insertion in the MosSCI locus ttTi5605 (LG II). The HA_2×FLAG::C04F12.1 transgene was designed to express a protein with an HA tag and a double FLAG tag inserted after S21 of C04F12.1. The linker sequence between the HA tag and the double FLAG tag has a NotI site. The insertion can be checked by PCR with the following primers: GGAGCCGATTTGTTCCAGTC (at the 3'-side of C04F12.1) and ATCGGGAGGCGAACCTAACTG (near ttTi5605 on LG II). vsra-1 is also known as csr-2/C04F12.1. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.

Maintain at 20C or lower. The cec-4 cec-5 double mutant exhibits partial sterility and no significant defects in chromosome segregation. The chromodomain proteins CEC-4 and CEC-5 are phylogenetically similar to CEC-8. ok3124 is a 374-bp deletion located in the region of the gene corresponding to the N-terminus of CEC-4 (F32E10.2). The ok3124 deletion can be detected by PCR with the following primers: CAATTAAAATGCCAGTGCGA and TTTAGGATGCATTATGGGGC. fj58 is a 398-bp deletion located in the gene region corresponding to the N-terminus of CEC-5 (F32E10.6). The fj58 deletion can be detected by PCR with the following primers: GCAAAGAAATCATCCGGTAGTG and CTTTGTAGCAACAGGCTCCTC. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.

Heterozygotes are wild-type with pharyngeal GFP signal, and segregate WT GFP, arrested nT1[qIs51] aneuploids, and non-GFP csr-1(fj54) homozygotes (sterile, but some animals lay a small number of dead eggs). Homozygous nT1[qIs51] inviable. Pick WT GFP and check for correct segregation of progeny to maintain. The fj54 mutation deletes a 524 bp region including half of the second exon, the third exon, and almost all of the fourth exon, causing a frame shift to stop the translation of both PAZ and Piwi domains. The deletion can be checked by PCR with the following primers: AAGAAATACCAATGCGGAGGCA and TTCACGGCTCTTTGCAGTTTCA.

Maintain at 20C or lower. Him. cec-4 cec-5 him-8 triple mutants exhibit partial sterility. The intensity of histone H3K9me2 on meiotic chromosomes is reduced. ok3124 deletion can be detceted by PCR with the following primers: CAATTAAAATGCCAGTGCGA and TTTAGGATGCATTATGGGGC. fj61 is a 444-bp deletion located in the region of the gene corresponding to the N-terminus of CEC-5 (F32E10.6). The fj61 deletion can be detected by PCR with the following primers: GCAAAGAAATCATCCGGTAGTG and CTTTGTAGCAACAGGCTCCTC. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.

No apparent phenotype. The chromodomain protein CEC-8 is phylogenetically similar to CEC-5 and CEC-4. fj63 is a 14-bp deletion located in the region of the gene corresponding to the N-terminus of CEC-8 (Y55B1BR.3). The fj63 deletion can be detected by PCR with the following primers: GCTGTATAATACTCACTATGTC and TCCAGCTCTGTAACCTTGAA. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.

Maintain at 20C or lower. cec-8; cec-4 cec-5 triple mutants exhibit partial sterility and no significant defects in chromosome segregation. The chromodomain proteins CEC-5, CEC-4, and CEC-8 are phylogenetically similar to each other. The deletions can be detected by PCR with the following primers: cec-8(fj63): GCTGTATAATACTCACTATGTC and TCCAGCTCTGTAACCTTGAA; cec-4(ok3124): CAATTAAAATGCCAGTGCGA and TTTAGGATGCATTATGGGGC; cec-5(fj58): GCAAAGAAATCATCCGGTAGTG and CTTTGTAGCAACAGGCTCCTC. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.

Maintain at 20C or lower. Him. The cec-8; cec-4 cec-5 him-8 quadruple mutant exhibits partial sterility. The intensity of histone H3K9me2 on meiotic chromosomes is reduced. The deletions can be detected by PCR with the following primers: cec-8(fj63): GCTGTATAATACTCACTATGTC and TCCAGCTCTGTAACCTTGAA; cec-4(ok3124): CAATTAAAATGCCAGTGCGA and TTTAGGATGCATTATGGGGC; cec-5(fj58): GCAAAGAAATCATCCGGTAGTG and CTTTGTAGCAACAGGCTCCTC. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.

Heterozygotes are WT and GFP+ and segregate WT GFP+ heterozygotes, non-GFP ego-1 homozygotes (sterile with inaccurate homologous pairing of meiotic chromosomes), very rare GFP+ homozygous hT2, and dead eggs. Maintain by picking wild-type GFP+. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.

Heterozygotes are wild-type with pharyngeal GFP signal, and segregate WT GFP, arrested nT1[qIs51] aneuploids, and non-GFP csr-1(fj67) homozygotes (sterile, but some animals lay a small number of dead eggs). Homozygous nT1[qIs51] inviable. Pick WT GFP and check for correct segregation of progeny to maintain. Intracellular localization of CSR-1 is abnormal in the csr-1(fj67) homozygotes. fj67 is a 60-bp in-frame deletion of the first lysine-rich region (KQKDNFILLDILLKQWAAKK) in CSR-1. The first lysine-rich region in the WT has a FokI site. The deletion can be checked by PCR with the following primers: CACCTGTGATTTTTCGGGGAAC and TGGATTCCTTTTGCTGCAACAG, followed by digestion with FokI. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.

Heterozygotes are wild-type with pharyngeal GFP signal, and segregate WT GFP, arrested nT1[qIs51] aneuploids, and non-GFP csr-1(fj70) homozygotes (sterile, but some animals lay a small number of dead eggs). Homozygous nT1[qIs51] inviable. Pick WT GFP and check for correct segregation of progeny to maintain. fj70 is a D769L mutation that renders CSR-1 (an Argonaute protein) catalytically defective and generates a new SphI site. The fj70 mutation can be checked by PCR with the following primers: TACACGTGGATGATGAGAAG and TCGTCCGAAACTTCCTCATC, followed by digestion with SphI. Homozygous nT1[qIs51] inviable. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.

Four amino-acid residues (G24–V27) near the N-terminus of EGO-1 were replaced with a PA-tag sequence (GVAMPGAEDDVV derived from human podoplanin) in the endogenous ego-1 gene. The PA-tag insertion can be checked by PCR with the following primers: TTCAAAATGCCGCTGCCTTC and GTCCTCTTCGCATCTTTATCAG, followed by digestion with Sau96I. The wild-type ego-1 gene contains a Sau96I site within its PCR region, while the PA-tagged ego-1 does not. This strain was used for immunofluorescence analysis of EGO-1. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.

fjSi19 [rpl-21p::2×HA::C04F12.1 + Cbr-unc-119(+)] II. Single-copy insertion in the MosSCI locus ttTi5605 (LG II). The 2×HA::C04F12.1 transgene was designed to express a protein with a double HA tag at its N-terminus, using a strong ubiquitous promoter (rpl-21p). The linker sequence between the two HA tags has a NotI site. The insertion can be checked by PCR with the following primers: GGAGCCGATTTGTTCCAGTC (at the 3'-side of C04F12.1) and ATCGGGAGGCGAACCTAACTG (near ttTi5605 on LG II). vsra-1 is also known as csr-2/C04F12.1. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.

CeRep55 quadruple deletion: fjDf1 (also known as fj115); fjDf2 (aka fj85); fjDf3 (aka fj123); fjDf4 (aka fj120) X. This strain lacks four major clusters of CeRep55 repeats on the X chromosome. The condensation of unpaired X chromosomes in male testes is insufficient. CeRep55 is a class of minisatellite sequences consisting of a 27-nt tandem repeat that is present on all chromosomes. Some CeRep55 clusters express long non-coding RNAs and small RNAs. Each of the four deletion sites was designed to acquire a sequence tag (TGTACAGGAAACAGCTATGACC; similar to M13 reverse) instead of the CeRep55 tandem repeats. The deletions of CeRep55 clusters can be checked by PCR with the following primers: fjDf1 in Y73B3A, CAACCTGACTCTCGCCAAGAC and GGAGAAGTAGGCGTGTCAGTTA; fjDf2 in Y75D11A, CAAGTGCCAAACTAGACTGCTC and TTCAAAACGCTACGCGATACCAG; fjDf3 in Y81B9A, AAATGCCCCTATCTCACAGTGG and GACTGCTAGAATCTGACTCGTC; fjDf4 in Y49A10A, CTCTTCCATTTCCAGTACAACCAG and GTTTCTATGGCTAGAGTCGTATGGTTAC. The PCR check can also be performed with the M13 reverse primer and the right-side primer. Reference: Tabara H, et al. (2023) A small RNA system ensures accurate homologous pairing and unpaired silencing of meiotic chromosomes. EMBO J, e105002.